English speaking Countries

Cudzie jazyky » Angličtina

Autor: ivka47
Typ práce: Maturita
Dátum: 08.10.2011
Jazyk: Angličtina
Rozsah: 910 slov
Počet zobrazení: 40 279
Tlačení: 838
Uložení: 867
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

LOCATION, dividing, capitals:
The United States of America covers a big part of the North America. It lyes between the Atlantic and Pacific ocean. It borders with Canada, Florida and Mexico. It consists from 50 states and the district of Columbia. The capital is Washington, D.C
Canada is the second largest country in the world. It occupies the whole North America continent (except Alaska and USA and many French islands). The capital is Ottawa.
Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, south-east from Asia. It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Australia consists of six states: New South Wales (Sydney), Victoria (Melbourne), Queensland (Brisbane), South Australia (Adelaide), Western Australia (Perth), Tasmania (Hobart) and two territories: The Australian Capital Territory (surrounding of Australia’s capital Canberra) and Northern Territory.
The capital is Canberra.
New Zealand is an island country in the Pacific situated southeast of Australia. It consists of two islands: North and South Island. Capital is Wellington.

CLIMATE:
The United States of America covers a big area, therefore it lies in many climate zones, mainly temperate.
Canadian climate varies from Arctic climate in the North with winter temperatures, to moderate climate.
Australian climate is warm.
New Zealand climate is quite pleasant. There is a lot of sun and it often rains there. Summers are not too hot and the winters are mild.

POLITICAL SYSTEM:
The United States of America is a member of the Commonwealth. The president is the head of state and it is a federation of 50 states and one district. Powers of government are divided into 3 branches:
 Executive
Legislative
Judicial
The Executive Branch is headed by the President. (George Bush)
The Legislative Branch – Congress – consists of the Senate
  and the House of Representatives
The Judicial Branch is headed by the Supreme Court consisting of:
the Chief justice of the US
eight Associate Justices

Canada is member of the Commonwealth.
System: an independent federal parliamentary system with Queen Elizabeth II. as the head of state. She is represented in Canada by the Governor – General.
The country’s supreme body is the Federal Parliament consisting of two houses.
The House of Commons
The Senate
The leading figure in political life is the Prime Minister.

Australia
: The official title is The Commonwealth of Australia. It is a member of the Commonwealth.
It has a democratic, federal system.
The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. represented by the Governor – General.
The head of government is the Prime Minister.

The Federal Parliament has its seat in Canberra and is divided into
the Senate
the House of Representatives.
New Zealand is member of the Commonwealth. The official head of the state is the British Queen represented by a gouvernor-general. They have got also the prime minister.

PEOPLE - POPULATION, LANGUAGES
The United States of America: Population is about 243 million people. People living here are of all possible origins and all the races can mix here together.
The main language spoken here is American English but various ethnic minorities speak their original languages. American English differs from British English in vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling.
Canada: Population is about 26 million. 89% of the land has no permanent population. More than 40% are of British origin, 30% of French origin, over 20% of continental European origin and the rest is made by Eskimos or Indians.
60% of population speak English, about 30% speak French, the rest are the languages spoken by various ethnic minorities.
The population of Australia is some 16 million. Around 85% people live in urban areas mainly along the south-east coast. Deserts and the tropical northern part are uninhabited. 95%of inhabitants are of British origin, 3% are made by other European ethnic groups and 1.5% are aborigines. English is spoken here.
New Zealand: Population is about 3.3 million people. 83%of the whole population live in urban areas. 85% people are of European (mainly British) origin and about 9% are Polynesian.

Officially English is spoken here but some people still speak Maori.

IDUSTRY, ECONOMY
The United States of America: highly developed country. The USA is rich in most of the metals and minerals needed in basic industries. (Coal, oil, gas, iron, steel, glass)
Canada is rich in raw materials (gold, silver, nickel, uranium, copper, zinc, coal, gas, oil) One third of the country is covered with forest. Canada is the leading exporter of wood and wood products. Highly developed agriculture. Fishing is important industry. Canada has got developed market economy, that is export-directed.
Australia is developed country, it is wool growing country and it produces meat and dairy products. Other industries: mining, manufacturing of metallurgical products….
New Zealand is comparatively developed country. Chief industries are food processing, transport equipment, textiles, cement and oil refining. Wool, meat and dairy products, coal.

TOWNS AND PLACES
The United States of America: Washington, D.C., other big cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia and Detroit.
Canada: Quebec, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal. Other large cities are Calgary, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Halifax, Vancouver and Hamilton.
Australia: Canberra, Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Hobart
New Zealand: Wellington, Auckland

HABITS, TRADITIONS, PREJUDICES:

British are said to be calm, cold and well-behaved (polite) and always on time. They celebrate many holydays. (Pancakes day, Valentines day, Mothers day...) Americans are said to be rich, fat, independent and friendly. They celebrate 4th June as the day of Independence, Halloween and many others…

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