It is important for people to communicate. They express their thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions. People can get and give information, discuss problems etc. Communication is the way of exchanging information – thoughts, ideas, messages...
- face to face communication (dialogical), personal, you can ask questions, we may repeat some words or retell them in a simpler way - stress, tone, pauses also help the speaker to express the meaning
- speech also includes laughter, sighs, filler phrases /um, you know/ • disadvantage of spoken communication: - when something has been said it cannot be taken back
- if you are excited, sometimes it is hard to express an idea
- one-way communication (monological) - the reader cannot react immediately /feedback/ - it is more formal way of communication, ideas are more structured, organized /with examples/, planned • but it also has disadvantages: - long explanations can be confusing and boring
vocabulary: rich, words are not repeated (we have more time for writing) - punctuation is also very important in written texts: brackets( ), comma (,), colon (:), semicolon(;), exclamation mark (!), question mark (?), full stop (.), dash (–), apostrophe (')
- sign language – gestures, body language, postures, facial expressions, eye contact, colours...
- we always smile, frown, make different gestures, shapes and movements with our hands.
Examples: • We can shake hands and nod our heads, wave goodbye, kiss goodbye, wink at someone, lick
our lips, raise our eyebrows, kiss, hug...
- sign language is mostly used by deaf people (a system of gestures and hand movements) - when people are in danger, they send a mayday - a system of sending messages, using dots and dashes is called Morse code. - different system of written signs is included in Braille (used by blind people)
- traffic signs, pictograms (internationally known: H= hospital, P=car park) - owl (symbol of wisdom), red rose (symbol of love), - black colour (symbol of death), white colour (symbol of innocence)
WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
- face to face communication, chatting, gossiping, phone calls, fax messages, text messages, notes, letters, e-mails, postcards…
MODERN MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
- walkie-talkies, home phones, mobile phones, faxes, Internet, social networking sites, TV, radio...
COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET (pros and cons)
- computers have changed our lives, they help us work faster, more effectively - the Internet contains a lot of information from different areas of society, we can find everything there - it makes our life easier, it's very fast and comfortable - emails offer a cheap, easy and fast alternative to traditional methods of correspondence (or telephone) - we can chat with friends, shop online, send emails, listen to music, watch films, date someone, pay bills
- cons: - it can be addictive
- some people spend hours chatting with "friends" online without meeting them
- some people think that they have lost their time and privacy
- some older people don't know how to use it, don't understand modern technology
- some people are lost when they have to write without a "spell-check"
- virtual life gradually replaces real life (we are losing personal contact with other people)
MOBILE PHONES (pros and cons)
- they are more convenient than home phones, we can take it everywhere - but, on the other hand, we are reachable everywhere at any time - we have to pay for the minutes spoken - using a cell phone when you are driving is forbidden and can be dangerous - it is impersonal communication - people send messages, they don't meet each other personally - when we are talking on the phone we cannot see the reactions, facial expressions of the listener - when we are talking on the phone in public places, everyone can hear what we are talking about
- humans communicated through sounds, facial expressions, gestures and body posture - it was very primitive way of communication.
- later they used pictures, signs, and finally letters
- in 15th century Johann Guttenberg invented printing and written texts were easily spread among people.
- the new inventions in the 20th century (radio, television, computers) caused mass communication among people and the information started spreading in a very short time.
- the number of people using mobiles rapidly increased
- nowadays we cannot imagine our lives without mobiles or computers and other modern technologies.
shake hands ‒ potriasť rukou
nod head ‒ kývnuť hlavou
thoughts ‒ myšlienky
opinions ‒ názory
deaf ‒ hluchý
face to face ‒ tvárou v tvár (osobne)
laughter ‒ smiech
sighs ‒ povzdychy
feedback ‒ spätná väzba
punctuation ‒ interpunkcia
banging fist ‒ udrieť päsťou
wave ‒ mávať
wink ‒ žmurkať
yawn ‒ zívať
raise eyebrows ‒ zdvihnúť obočie
mayday ‒ SOS
Morse code ‒ morzeovka
Braille ‒ Brailovo písmo
blind ‒ slepý
gossip ‒ klebeta
walkie-talkie ‒ vysielačka
social network ‒ sociálna sieť
comfortable ‒ pohodlný
correspondence ‒ korešpondencia
privacy ‒ súkromie0
replace ‒ nahradiť
reachable ‒ dosiahnuteľný
facial expressions ‒ výrazy tváre
gesture ‒ gesto
posture ‒ postoj
body language ‒ reč tela
frown ‒ mračiť sa
peers ‒ rovesníci
whisper ‒ šepkať
shout ‒ kričať, vrešťať
swear words ‒ hrešenia, nadávky
interjections ‒ citoslovcia
abbreviations ‒ skrátené výrazy
polite ‒ slušný, zdvorilý
rapidly increased ‒ prudko sa zvýšil
forbidden ‒ zakázaný
means of communication ‒ prostriedky komunikácie
owl ‒ sova
wisdom ‒ múdrosť
exchange ‒ vymeniť si
persuasion ‒ presviedčanie
development ‒ vývoj
sign language ‒ znaková reč (posunková)
text message ‒ textová správa
to text somebody ‒ poslať SMS
take back ‒ vziať späť
kiss goodbye ‒ pobozkať na rozlúčku
say goodbye ‒ rozlúčiť sa
greeting ‒ pozdrav
pull face ‒ robiť grimasy
get in touch with somebody ‒ byť v kontakte
yell ‒ vrieskať
whistle ‒ pískať
addictive ‒ návykový
way ‒ spôsob
traffic signs ‒ dopravné značky
offer ‒ ponúkať
contain ‒ obsahovať
alternative ‒ náhrada, alternatíva
printing ‒ tlač