The USA

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Autor: apfel
Typ práce: Referát
Dátum: 02.11.2008
Jazyk: Angličtina
Rozsah: 997 slov
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The USA is situated in southern part of North America. It has borders with Canada on north and with Mexico on south. It covers area of 9 milion km². Central plains are bounded by the Rocky mountains and the coastal mountains on west, the Appalachian mountains on east and Alluvial plains around the Gulf of Mexico on south. The highest mountain in the USA is Mount McKinley in the Alaska which is 6,194 m high. The longest rivers are the Mississippi (its name is of Indian origin and means „great water“) and the Missouri. It is the third longest river system in the world after the Amazon and the Nile. The border with Canada is in central part made by Great Lakes (Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior Lake).

There are the big variations of climate. Temperatures change from the arctic cold in nothern Alaska to subtropical warm on Hawaii and the Gulf Coast States. On western coast temperature change very little between summer and winter, the north central states have different climate in summer and winter. We can find many national parks there, especially in the Rocky Mountains region with beautiful and preserved nature. The most famous park is Yellowstone.

The first English colony was founded in Virginia in 1607. In the 18th century there were thirteen colonies along the Atlantic Coast which were under British rule. West of these was French territory gain upon the Rocky Mountains. This territory was called Louisiana. There were many wars between two British and French, which lasted for many years. In 4th July 1776 the representatives of the original thirteen settlements declared an independance and George Washington was elected as the first President of the USA. In the 19th century more then ten million new settlers arrived from Europe (England, Ireland and Germany). In the 20th century emmigration continued and the largest number of immigrants has come from Latin America, especially from Mexico and from Asia - Vietnam, Korea and China. World War II brought many Jewish refugees. In 1945 the USA was either the strongest country in the world. Its money and atomic bombs became dangerous for the Soviet Union. The Cold war between these two countries enters on foundation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949 and exists for next 40 years to year 1989, when communism collapsed.

The population of USA is about 250 milion people. The density is about 25 people per 1 km². Around 79 percent of inhabitants live in urban areas. We speak about multicultural society, because we can find there about 106 major ethnic groups. America is sometimes called the melting point because people living here are of all possible origins and all the races can mix here together. The main language spoken here is American English, but various ethnic minorities speak their original languages, such as Chinese, Spanish and so on.

The USA is a federal republic which consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia (D.C.). Each state is different from the others: it has its own state government, laws, customs, education, taxes, traffic, regulatoins etc.
The head of the federal government is the President. His power is wide. He is elected by direct election every four years. America has two main partys: The Democrats and the Republicans. American Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 Senators, two of each state and 435 members of the House of Representatives. A Senator is elected for six years, a Representative for two years.

The Stars and Stripes was adopted as national flag in 1777. Today, 50 white stars symbolize 50 American states, 6 white and 7 red stripes represent the original 13 states. The American anthem was written in 1814.

We can find many interesting places in the USA.
The most attractive nature areas are Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon and South Dakota´s Mt. Rushmore. If we talk about American towns, I must begin with Los Angeles. It is the largest city on western coast. Here we can find the famous film center Hollywood and luxurious quarters such as Beverly Hills. There is situated California Technology Institute, the world biggest ZOO and also Disneyland. San Francisco is one of the cleanest and most picturesque cities in America. It has several quarters - Chinatown here is the largest settlement outside Asia. Important centers of south are New Orleans or Houston. In this town is center of NASA and on Florida - on Cape Canaveral is place, where spaceships are launched off.

Most of American traditional and heavy industry is situated on the northeast coast and near Great Lakes – for example Detroit is the center of US car industry. The historical centre of the East is Philadelphia – right here was declared in 1776 the Independence of United states. Now it´s center of machinery and chemical industry. New York is the biggest city in the USA. The number of inhabitants is about 20 milion now. It covers the area of 780 sq km and has five major parts - Manhattan, Queens, Long Island and Brooklyn. The black quarter - Harlem - is in northern part of Manhattan. This most famous part of New York was built on a modern plan of streets and avenues which follow a geometry shape and are numbered. In southern part we can find special small towns - Small Italy or Chinatown. New York is famous for its Manhattan Skyline. The first skyscraper was built there in 1903. Now we cand find there the world highest concentration of skyscrapers. Washington (D.C.) is the capital and was built on a ten-mile square territory. It has population of about 700 000 inhabitants. Washington is the U.S. legislative, administrative, and judical centre. Its government buildings, museums and many other attractions make it one of the most visited cities in the USA. The U.S. Capitol is the seat of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The white House has been the residence of American President.

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