Health – maturitná otázka

Health

Introduction

We need the doctor, when we are ill, or when we are hurt, or when something happens with our body - we can have a crash, broken leg, arm ... Especially in the winters months we need the doctor, because a lot of us suffer from cold, flu, fever...

Illnesses

Children

scarlet fever – spála

polio – dětská obrna

measles – spalničky

german measles – zarděnky

mumps – příušnice

pox - neštovice

Serious

cancer – rakovina

encephalitis – zánět mozkových blan

diphteria – záškrt

hepatitis – žloutenka

plague – mor

cholera, AIDS

meningokok

Infectious

tonsillitis – angína

flu – chřipka

bronchitis – zánět průdušek

pneuminia – zápal plic

cold – nachlazení

sore-throat – bolení v krku

First aid

try the pulse, try the breathing, put the head up, stick the tongue (the person can suffocate = zadusit se), stop bleeding by pressing special points, artificial respiration, make a plaster – two brunches and a line or scarf

when someone fainted – cold water, send him out, fresh air, sit down

Types of doctor

general practitioner všeobecný lékař

paediatrician pediatr

dentist zubař

dermatologist kožní lékař

orthopaedist ortoped

gynaecologist gynekolog

optician optik

neurologist neurolog

ENT specialist ušní, nosní, krční

surgeon chirurg

psychologist psycholog

vet zvěrolékař

Medicines

pills pilulky

tablets prášky

injection injekce

ointment mast

solution roztok

drops kapky

gargle kloktadlo

Prevention

Live healthy lifestyle, eat healthy food – vegetables, fruit, have a lot of vitamins, do some sport, breath fresh air, keep hygienic laws, wear warm clothes, avoid stress, keep fit, no smoking, alcohol, drugs

Going to the doctor

• at first we go to see the GP (general practitioner), who can send us to the specialist, but before that, he does some examinations
• the doctor has to know, which problem you suffer from - the doctor asks you some questions:

- What seems to be the trouble?

- How have you been feeling recently?

- When did you first notice this?

• after the questions the doctor gives you some orders:

- Let’s take to look at you.

- Put out your tongue.

- Does it hurt?

- Strip to the waist, please.

- Open your… please.

- Take off your… please.

- Take a deep breath.

- Stop breathing.

• the doctor can take you some suggestions

- Try to cut down on cigarettes/alcohol.

- You ought to do more exercise, eat less fat, stop working so hard, relax at home, eat a balanced diet, …

Your doctor can …

- examine you

- take your pulse

- take your temperature, with a thermometer

- listen to your heartbeat, with a stethoscope

- test your reflexes, with a hammer

- give you a check-up

- take your blood pressure

- give you some pills to take

- give you some ointment to rub in to your back, to put on your back

- give you a prescription

- give you an injection (using a syringe)

- refer you to a specialist

- send you to have an X-ray

- ask you to make another appointment

What you have to do, when you are ill?

Symptoms – You feel rotten, shivery, with an aching head, limbs, you are sweeting, you have lost your appetite, feel sick.

• stay indoors, keep warm, and keep away from other people as much as possible
• have plenty of cool drinks – water, fruit drinks, milky drinks (about 2-3 liters a day)
• if you feel shivery over 38°C or aches or pains, try taking aspirin every 4 hours during the day
• rest in the bed if you can
• try to have 3 light meals a day. But don’t force yourself to eat if you’ve lost your appetite

Private doctor or state doctor?

• It depends on our preferences. We can chose the best one and it could be private, but state doctor, too.
• everybody must be insured in our state and basic medical care should be unpaid
• but at the specialist or by the private doctors we have to pay for some special treatment

Problems in general, in our country

Hospitals – not very good, no place, badly equipped, expensive, bad food

Paying – medicaments are expensive, insurance companies do not want to pay them, sometimes doctors want to have profit from selling medicaments

Insurance – everybody must be insured, expensive, some companies do not do what they should – they promise sth. and then said that it is for some another people…

people can not be ill, they could lose their job or they won’t get money

incurable diseases – AIDS, cancer – people try to find the medicine of to slow down the illness

North Bohemia, Ostrava – smog, bad air, vocational diseases (z povolání)

temperature teplota

swallow polykat

hoarse ochraptělý

cold rýma

feel dizzy mít závrať

faint mdloba

unconsciousness bezvědomí

be exhausted být vyčerpaný

rash vyrážka

blister puchýř

bruise modřina

black eye monokl

sprain ankle vymknutý kotník

stretch muscle natažený sval

hurt zranit

bleed krvácet

feel sick cítit se špatně

be sick stonat

plaster náplast, sádra

filling plomba

put in a filling zaplombovat

sting dát žihadlo

injure zranění

ailment onemocnění

prevention prevence

symptom příznak

diagnosis diagnóza

cure vyléčit

treatment léčba

injection injekce

prescription recept

to prescribe předepsat

medicine lék

scratch škrábnutí

stab bodnutí

vaccine vakcína

wound zranění

disease choroba

contagious nakažlivý

cough kašel

fever horečka

hypochondriac hypochondr, -ický

malignant zhoubný

tumour nádor

solution roztok

rebandage převaz

ambulance car sanitka

stretcher nosítka

crutches berle

respiration dýchání

to X-ray rentgenovat

to bleed krvácet

bump boule

fatal smrtelný

lethal smrtelný

bandage obvaz

disinfectant desinfekce

cotton wool vata

pure spirit čistý líh

acid kyselina

tick klíště

to transfer přenášet

virus vir

antibiotics antibiotika

nurse zdravotní sestra

surgery vytřovna

hospital ward pokoj v nemocnici

operating theatre operační sál

ilnesses:

cold rýma

influenza, flu chřipka

tonsillitis angína

diphtheria záškrt

scarlet spála

infantile paralysis dětská obrna

sunstroke úpal, úžeh

hepatitis žloutenka

bronchitis zánět průdušek

otitis zánět středního ucha

pneumonia zápal plic

measles spalničky

German measles zarděnky

mumps příušnice

cancer rakovina

encephalitis zánět mozkových blan

diarrhoea průjem

plague mor