Food – maturitná otázka

FOOD

Introduction

Everybody has to eat. Different people have different tastes. Everybody loves food he is used to eat. I like meals cooked by my mother. When I eat the same meal cooked by someone else I don’t like it so much. It is the same with each other.

My attitude to eating

Food is one of the biggest problems of today because it is necessary to eat. Bud what should we eat? What is healthy and what unhealthy. I really don’t know. Eggs were said to be healthy a few years ago. Later on they became unhealthy because of cholesterol. But now I read that people should eat eggs because they are good for their memory and they protect them from stress. It’s the same with the milk for instance. Milk is good for bones but you could be fat after some milk. Can we also drink milk packed in paper bags with an aluminium layer inside? Or can we eat healthy vegetables, which had grown on an acid soil?

Healthy food: milk – for bones, fruit, vegetables, poultry (chicken, hen, duck, goose, turkey), fish, rabbits, soja, cornflakes, dark bread, honey, nuts…

Unhealthy food: eggs, lamb, pork, beef, veal, mutton, chips, sweets, chocolates…

Alcoholic drinks – bad for the liver, but beer- good for digestion, red wine- good for blood…

“A lot of people are vegetarian because they think they eat healthy but it’s not true,” say the scientists. “Humans are omnivorous and they body is built that way and when they don’t eat meat the body don’t have all of the things it needs.” Red meat is also said to be unhealthy but American scientists discovered that there are some trace elements, which are in no other food.

I am may be a little bit sceptic but I think that it will be find that the food which is said to be healthy now will be said to be unhealthy a few year later and contrariwise.

At the restaurant

When you come you should find a free table and wait for the waiter. It’s impolite to crack fingers. You can be fined for doing it. The waiter brings you a menu and asks whether you want anything to drink. (mineral water, cola, fanta… wine, beer, champagne, aperitifs…). You can have a soup first (potato, tomato, pea, bean, carrot, parsley, celery, mushrooms, beef, tripe, chicken, hen, poultry, fish, goulash, strawberry…) Then you could have a main meal (meat with potatoes, chips, croquette, dumplings, pasta, rice…) As for desert you could have ice cream, pancakes, cake, fruit… Then you call the waiter and pay for a dinner.

Eating habits in Czech republic and Great Britain

In our country the day starts with a breakfast, which consists of something to drink (tea with milk or lemon, cocoa, warm milk, black coffee) and something to eat (one or two slices of bread and butter and cheese or eggs, salami, ham, jam, honey…). Instead of bread we can eat rolls, buns or something sweet (cakes, doughnuts, gingerbread). A lot of people eat for their breakfast cornflakes or muesli. Breakfast usually takes place between 6 and 7 o’clock.

Around noon we have our lunch, which is warm and consist of soup, main meal, dessert and something to drink. Most people go to school or factory canteen, some of them prefer going to the restaurant of having fast lunch in a buffet or snackbar.

An evening meal could be either warm or cold. Quick and cold supper may consist of some paté on bread or rolls, kippers or some spread, ham, cheese… Warm supper could be a soup, potato pancakes (bramborák), ham and eggs, sausages…

Traditional English breakfast consists of glass of juice and cornflakes or muesli with sugar and milk. Of course they drink tea or coffee. Sunday is reserved for their big breakfast (it is sometimes called brunch – breakfast and lunch together) consisting of boiled or scrambled eggs or fried bacon and eggs with perhaps sausage or tomato or fried bread. Most people like a crisp piece of toast with butter and marmalade or honey.

In GB people have only a small lunch (sandwiches, fruit, sweets, vegetables, something to drink).

Typical British break is 5 o’clock tea. It is usually fairly strong and eaten together with some cakes or biscuits. They drink the tea with milk and without sugar.

About 6 o’clock most families have their evening meal or dinner. It may be cooked or cold depending on the time of the year. It is their main meal. They have often sausages, potatoes or chips. The English are fond of cakes and pies. They are used to eat a dessert after each dinner.

A lot of people eat some sandwiches or some bread with spread after the dinner at night (9 – 10 o’clock).

Fast food

Fast food is a typical feature of both English and American lifestyles. At food stalls you can buy various types of food to eat as you walk along the streets or take it away and eat at home. The Americans call these restaurants “cheapies”. These places – McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, KFC … usually offer beverages (Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, tea, juice…), some solid food like roast chicken and chips, hamburgers, sandwiches, pizza, salads, deserts… You can put pickles, onions, ketchup or tomatoes on your hamburger too. The oldest type of fast food are sea food stalls or shops – usually fish and chips – the fish is cut to pieces, covered with batter (flour and water) and fried in oil. Another typical feature of British and American lifestyles is popcorn.

It is said that fast food is very unhealthy and probably it’s true. They fry it on a bad oil, the hygiene is also very bad and it is unhealthy to eat while you are walking. But it is very popular and most of children love it. In some countries it is also the cheapest food.

Eating out or in

Both of this has advantages and disadvantages. OUT – no dishes, no washing up, no cooking, professionally prepared food, for many people it is a small celebration, very expensive, you have to go somewhere, it could be unhealthy, you have to wait till they prepare it. IN – cheaper, at home, more comfortable, dishes, you have cook it yourself

My recipe

Pancakes

1. Put milk, flour and eggs together and mix it
2. Pour it on a frying pan with oil
3. Fry it until the edges are set than turn it to the other side.
4. Put it on a plate and spread it with a jam.
5. You can put fruit on it if you want.
6. You can put sugar, cocoa or creme on it.

Ingredients – Milk, eggs (you have to break them), oil, jam, fruit, sugar, cocoa, creme, flour

Equipment – frying pan, spoon, pot, plate, knife, mixer

Five o’clock tea (“cuppa”)

Boil a water in a kettle. Warm a teapot. Put tea in a teapot (one teaspoonful of tea for each person plus traditional “one for the pot”). Pour the water over the tea leaves and leave it for ten minutes. While serving it first put a little milk in a cup and pour the tea over it through a tea strainer. Sugar is added according to taste but many English people prefer it without.

Sandwich

The origin of the word “sandwich” is interesting. An 18^th century aristocrat, Earl of Sandwich” loved playing cards. He used to play all day and night and hated having to stop for his meals. So he thought of the way of putting meat between two slices of bread. In this way he could eat and play at the same time.

Typical Czech and British meals

CZ – tripe soup, potato soup, roast goose and sauerkraut and Czech dumplings, roast sirloin of beef in sour cream sauce and dumplings, roast pork sauerkraut and dumplings, Moravian Sparrows (roast fat pork offcuts), Spanish Birds (rolled beef steaks filled with salami, pickle, egg, mustard), potato pancakes, fruit dumplings with cream, potato or “hairy“ dumplings, fried cheese

GB – overcooked vegetables, tasteless meat and a lot of grease

My favourite meal

Roast pork, sauerkraut, Czech dumplings or schnitzel, potatoes and vegetables.

Experiences of eating foreign food

I found that it isn’t as good as our food. I visited GB few years ago and I didn’t like their food very much. They made quite strange combinations of different kinds of food. I couldn’t understand how could they eat cheese with ketchup or liver paté with tomatoes. It was also difficult to get used to their timetable of eating.

I have some bad experiences with foreign food. When I visited Tunis I realised that in different countries live different types of people. Europeans are not used to African food and water. It was a normal food but it was prepared from their ingredients and water. My stomach was so spoiled after a week of eating that. I was ill, feeling very bad with stomachache and diarrhoea. Now I know that I have to drink some vodka or slivovica twice a day to desinfect the stomach.

Changing trends in Czech cousin

I think that Czech cousin has changed a lot. Now we have a lot of different kinds of meat, vegetables, fruit all the year. People can eat what they want but they have to have money. Czech cousin had never been healthy I think. It’s the same this time but it has changed a little when a lot of people became vegetarians or stopped eating red meat. A lot of women are on a diet. There are many new restaurants typical for other countries like Pizzerias, Chinese restaurants etc. Fast food became also very popular this time. You can see McDonald’s or KFC in every bigger town.

cook vařit

fry smažit

boil vařit ve vodě

roast péct (maso)

bake péci

grill grilovat

stew dusit

smoke udit

scramble (egg) míchaný

pour nalít

cut krájet

peel loupat

mince na drobno nakrájet

open otevřít

break (an egg) rozbít

beat šlehat

stir míchat

slice plátek, krajíc

take vzít, brát

put on a lid položit pokličku

take off a lid vzít pokličku

squeeze a lemon vymačkat citrón

spread a butter rozetřít máslo

lay/set the table prostřít stůl

clear the table sklidit ze stolu

wash up mýt nádobí

cuisine národní kuchyně

sponge houba

breakfast snídaně

lunch svačina

dinner hlavní jídlo

supper večeře

dessert zákusek, dezert

aperitif aperitiv

hors-d’oeuvre předkrm

foods:

brawn nakládané maso

joint kýta

game zvěřina; hra

poultry drůbež

sucking-pig sele

chicken kuře

hen slepice

duck kachna

turkey krocan

goose husa

beef hovězí

pokr vepřové

veal telecí

mutton skopové

lamd jehněčí

rabbits králík

wreaths of sausages věnec uzenek

pudding jelito, klobása; pudink

cutlet kotleta

schnitzel řízek

sirloin svíčková

kidney ledvina

kippers uzenáče

salmon losos

mackerel makrela

carp kapr

trout pstruh

jackfish štika

cod treska

plaice platýz

lobster humr

oyster ústřice

herring steď

bacon slanina

grease tuk, sádlo

salami salám

ham šunka

sausage párek

beef tea hovězí vývar

tripe droby, dršťky

roll houska, rohlík

goulash soup gulášová polévka

pastry pečivo

bread chleba

cereal obilovina

dumplings knedlíky

rice rýže

pastes těstoviny

spaghetti špagety

sponage biscuits piškoty

doughnut kobliha

gingerbread perník

yeast kvasnice

youghurt jogurt

muesli müsli

cornflakes kukuřičné lupínky

jam marmeláda

marmelade džem (jen pomerančový)

honey med

salad salát

chip hranolek

sweets cukroví, bombóny

cake koláč

baking-powder prášek do pečení

stewed fruit kompot

cheese tvaroh, sýr

ketchup kečup

vinegar ocet

sauerkraut kyselé zelí

egg vejce

pulses luštěniny

raisins hrozinky

vanilla sugar vanilkový cukr

icing sugar cukr moučkový

castor sugar cukr práškový

granulated sugar cukr krystal

cube sugar kostkový cukr

flour mouka

semolina krupice

chocolate čokoláda

ice-cream zmrzlina

pancake lívanec

growths:

apple jablko

apricot meruňka

bean fazole

bilberries borůvky

black currant černý rybíz

broccoli brokolice

cabbage zelí

carrot mrkev

celery celer

coconut kokosový ořech

cucumber okurka

currant rybíz

garlic česnek

gooseberries angrešt

grapefruit grep

grape-vine hroznové víno

hazel-nut lískový ořech

cherry višně, třešně

kohlrabi kedluben

leek pórek

lemon citrón

lentil čočka

lettuce hlávkový salát

mandarin mandarinka

mushroos houby

onion cibule

orange pomeranč

parsley petržel

pea hrách

peach broskev

peanut arašid, burák

pear hruška

pineapple ananas

plum švestka

potatoes brambory

pulses luštěniny

soya sója

strawberry jahoda

tomato rajče

walnut vlašský ořech

spices:

salt sůl

pepper pepř

red pepper paprika

sage šalvěj

rosemary rozmarýn

thyme tymián

marjoram majoránka

curry kari

ginger zázvor

mace muškátový květ

cinnamon skořice

mustard hořčice

clove hřebíček

cumin kmín

bay leaf bobkový list

allspice nové koření

items:

knife nůž

fork vidlička

spoon lžíce; vařecha

pot hrnec

ladle naběračka

saucepan pánev, rendlík

digester Papinův hrnec

cooker vařič

lid poklička

glass sklenice

cup/pot hrnek

plate talíř

soup plate hluboký talíř

flat plate mělký talíř

dish mísa

bowl hlubší mísa

baking-board vál

rolling-pin váleček

grater struhadlo

scrape škrabka

opener otvírák

tin-opener otvírák an konzervy

sieve sítko

wafwr destička na krájení

toothpick párátko

skewer špejle

mill mlýnek

mixer šlehač

fridge lednice

dishwasher myčka na nádobí

oven trouba

kitchen-range sporák