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Man and Society topic

Man and Society topic 

Society involves whole population, the way how people live together and also institutions they’ve developed. Living in a society requires following certain rules of behaviour. We can compare American and British society.

American society

U.K.

Humans, from the very beginning, were not able to live on their own and so started to form a bigger group. These organised groups created their system of laws and accepted behaviour which can be defined as a society. These laws and behaviour make it possible for people to live together.

Society takes care of its members. Many countries support the idea of government, money paid to people who are unemployed. While some people think that this social security is too low, others do not agree with somebody receiving money but not trying to find work and make a lot of claims for money of other taxpayers. The social work of government is aimed at improving bad social conditions and helping people in need.

It is extremely important to show children what is right and what is wrong from an early age.

Children and young people observe the moral rules unconsciously and behave according to what they see. They pick it up from their parents, teachers and friends. Family is where behaviour is formed. Small thing such us talking to people with respect, listening to them, showing empathy, praising the other for their achievements, should be common in every family. Their absence leads to raising ill-mannered children. Parents should also be careful and practice what they preach.

Rules of behaviour are taught at school, too. Children can attend at school either the classes of religion or ethics. Both of them try to teach children and young people how to differentiate between good and evil, between what is moral and what is immoral.

The loss of manners is serious problem in modern societies. Most children are educated by media. The cartoon characters, movies and games – rude and violent. Idols from reality shows influence the values of young people. The acquired negative patterns of behaviour in childhood are hardly changed later in adulthood.

The huge difference between how children are raised nowadays and how our parents and grandparents were raised lead to big generation gap.

Ethics is the study of morals which deals with moral rules or principles of behaviour governing a person or group. Ethics refers to well based standards of right and wrong that set as rules what humans should do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness or specific virtues. Ethical standards also include those that encourage virtues of honesty, compassion and loyalty. And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy.

Ethics also prescribe the way in which people communicate, show their respect for other people, how to greet people with warmth, offer hospitality to guests, wear clothing appropriate for certain occasions, contribute the conversations without dominating them, listen to speakers, offer a chair, help those who need assistance, eat neatly and quietly, avoid disturbing others (music, noise), arrive on time and respond to invitations promptly.

The exact rules connected with hosting guests, dining, clothing etc. are specific for different cultures.

However, there are rules which are universal all around the world – be polite, respect local customs and people, say magic words: Thank you, Please, Sorry, show interest in other culture, ask questions, and listen to answers.

Etiquette can be defined as the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession. There are certain rules how to be polite greeting each other. Younger people greet older, men greet women etc.

There are some special conventions for how to behave in certain places, e.g. women covering their heads or shoulders when entering a church, men taking off hats in a church or women wearing knee-length skirts for business and diplomacy.

Being respectful and considerate of others is the main idea behind rules of behaviour. Here are some etiquette tips for going to the theatre:

Manners are taught as soon as your child understands what you are saying, but they will need coaching and reminders on manners throughout their childhood. When the child does something right let them know, when your child does something wrong, do not be negative about it, but gently tell them how to do it better and why. Here are some basic manners for young people:

Impolite – go to someone’s house without arranging it first, to ask for more unless your host offers it

Polite – arrive on time (not too early in case your host is not ready), give him or her a small present.

There are different styles of dining: (European style is where you keep the knife in your right hand and eat with your fork in the left). When you've finished with the meal place the fork and knife side by side on the plate. Examples:

When something great happens to a friend, family member or colleague, congratulations are in order!

How to Greet someone in Britain

Society is ruled by laws. The man who breaks law must be punished.

Moral – behaviour, our manners, etiquette. It is unwritten law of how to behave in different situations. It includes etiquette – greeting, meeting, took manners, public behaviour and privacy behaviour

Laws – general laws and rules accepted by nation and the whole population. Human rights are accepted all over the world – right for living, freedom, health care, personal development, education, freedom of speech, work.

Rules – are created by the parliament – it’s the supreme legislative law of country. The members of parliament make suggestions of the laws and then vote for it – the rule must be accepted by the majority of members of parliament.

Crime – laws and their breaking

Everyone who lives in a society must keep its rules. Every society has its own moral rules of behaviour. Society has a right to expect people to obey the law. A criminal must pay for his crime. The price he has to pay depends on the seriousness of the crime he commits. He can be put in a jail (prison). Criminals can also do social welfare work or community service. Some people are demanding the return of capital punishment (death penalty) for murder.

Kinds of criminality:

Punishments:

Solving conflicts:

People should propose solutions which everybody argues with and make suggestions. The solving of conflicts should be constructive. You should speak clearly, firmly and be aware of your body language. You should never shout.

Sponsorship – to sponsor something is to support an event, activity, person, organization financially or through the provision of products or services. A sponsor is the individual or group.

Kinds of sponsorships in UK:

It’s for 6 months.

Organization is a type of non-profit organization, it’s the act of giving money, goods or time to unfortunate, directly or by means of charitable trust.

There are some public organizations such as “Hodina deťom” and so on. Also volunteers with collecting boxes in the streets asking for money.

Society shapes our family lives in several way, three of which are:

  1. Financially

The society affects us by bombarding our families with suggestions for wants and needs that we may or may not be able to afford. These range from housing choices, to schooling choices for college, shopping options, places to go, and things to do for which we would have to invest from our budget. If this constant exposure did not occur, perhaps the family unit would make less biased decisions on how they would spend their dollars.

  1. Behaviourally

The society affects us by the dyadic division of individuals and groups by preferences, race, language, commonalities, religion, ethnicity, and preferences. If you live in a place where customs are nowhere like what you are used to, you will behaviourally choose to either join them or radically isolate yourself from the group. Since the latter is not the likeliest choice, chances are that in some way or another, regardless of how independently you live, you will still acquire one or two mannerisms from your immediate social circle such as accent, drawl, idioms, intonations, or customs.

  1. Intellectually (Cognitively)

What society offers us we either take or not. If society offers a higher quality of life where our quality is valued, we would make very high-thinking analyses on where we want society to go, and what role we play within it. We also would question how we can help improve the quality of our social strata, and we also would want to find benchmarks, philosophical foundations, and recent research that would help us make our surroundings both qualitatively and quantitatively sufficient for its residents.

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