Christianity

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Autor: filomena (18)
Typ práce: Ostatné
Dátum: 06.10.2021
Jazyk: Angličtina
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Christianity

The religion founded in Palestine by the followers of Jesus. One of the world's major religions, it predominates in Europe and the Americas, where it has been a powerful historical force and cultural influence, but it also claims adherents in virtually every country of the world.

The central teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesusis the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; that his life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension into heaven are proof of God's love for humanityand God's forgiveness of human sins; and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life(creed).

This teaching is embodied in the Bible, specifically in the New Testament, but Christians accept alsothe Old Testament as sacred and authoritative Scripture.

Christian ethics derive to a large extent from the Jewish tradition as presented in the Old Testament, particularly the Ten Commandments, but with some difference of interpretation based on the practice and teachings of Jesus. Christianity may be further generally defined in terms of its practice of corporate worship and rites that usually include the use of sacraments and that are usually conducted by trained clergy within organizedchurches. There are, however, many different forms of worship, many interpretations of the role of the organized clergy, and many variations in polity and church organization within Christianity.

Judaism

One of the three great monotheistic world religions, Judaism began as the faith of

the ancient Hebrews, and its sacred text is the Hebrew Bible, particularly the Torah. Fundamental to Judaism is the belief that the people of Israel are God's chosen people, who must serve as a light for other nations. The Hebrew Bible is the most important holy book of Judaism.

Buddhism

Major world religion and philosophy founded in northeastern India between the 6th and the 4th centuries BC. Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha, Buddhism takes as its goal the escape from suffering and from the cycle of rebirth: the attainment of nirvana. Buddhism's main teachings are summarized in the Four Noble Truths.

Islam

Major world religion founded by Muhammad in Arabia in the early 7th century AD. Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion, and its adherents, called Muslims, regard the Prophet Muhammad as the last and most perfect of God's messengers, who include Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and others. The sacred scripture of Islam is the Qur'an, which contains God's revelations to Muhammad. The religious obligations of all Muslims are summed up in the Five Pillars of Islam, which include belief in God and hisProphet and obligations of prayer, charity, pilgrimage, and fasting.

Hinduism

Oldest of the world's major religions. -humankind to escape the cycle of reincarnation. All creatures go through a cycle of rebirth, or samsara, which can be broken only by spiritual selfrealization, after which liberation, or moksha, is attained. The principle of karma determines a being's status within the cycle of rebirth.

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