English speaking countries (topic, essay, vocabulary)

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Autor: wanna (18)
Typ práce: Ostatné
Dátum: 20.03.2023
Jazyk: Angličtina
Rozsah: 1 157 slov
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English speaking countries (topic, essay, vocabulary)

Great Britain

General information
The UK is a country, which is situated on two mainislands /ostrovy/:
Great Britain
Ireland

Great Britain consists of these countries:
- England– the capital city = London
- Scotlandthe capital city = Edinburgh
- Walesthe capital city = Cardiff
- Northern Ireland– the capital city = Belfast

Its area is 244 872 km2 /square kilometers/ and the population is about 59 mil. inhabitants. The capital city is London and the currency is 1 GBP /1 British pound/. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and the head of the state is the Queen Elizabeth II.The head of the government is the Prime minister – it is Gordon Brown now.
The country has a mild and rainy climate. The most important river is the Thames /Temža/ and the longest river is the Severn. 

INDUSTRY/priemysel/ & AGRICULTURE /poľnohospodárstvo/:
The UK is a very industrialized countryServices /služby/ - for example finance, banking, computing, advertising and so on, are now a very important part of the British industry. Other important industries are also iron /železiarsky/ and steel /oceliarsky/ industry, textil, plastics and food industry.
The main agricultural products are potatoes, sugar beet /cukrová trstina/, milk, meat, wheat /pšenica/ and so on.

Interesting places in Britain
England:

Stonehenge– it is a historical place made of big stones in the south of England.

Oxford, Cambridge – these are the famous university towns 
Stratfordupon Avon– it is the birthplace of William Shakespeare –he was a famous English writer and dramatist – he wrote Romeo and Juliet, Mackbeth, Hamlet and so on.
Londonthe capital city of England

Scotland:
LakeLochNess– lakes are in Scotland called “Loch” – one of the biggest lakes is the lake Loch Ness. People believe that a monster called Nessie lives in this lake.
Glasgowit is the biggest city in Scotland – it is an important economic and tourist centre of Scotland

LONDON

London is the capital city of England and one of the world’s largest cities /it covers the area of 1579 km2/. It is situated in the south of England and it has the population of about 7,5 million people. London is a very multicultural city – people of different origins, races and religions live there. London is crossed by the river Thames. London is today one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres. There are 5 airports and a large port in London – the most important airport is called Heathrow.

 
These are the London’s most important sightseeing places/pamiatkové miesta/:
1. The Houses of Parliament /also called The Westminster Palace/ - Budovy Parlamentu

The House of Lords –Snemovňa Lordov
The House of Commons

Big Ben– it is the clock tower which belongs to the Houses of Parliament => the clock has the name of Sir Benjamin Hall – he was very tall and so his friends called him Big Ben. The clock has 7 meters in diameter and it weighs 13 tons. It is the biggest bell in England. 
The London Eye/Londýnske Oko/– the world’s largest observation wheel and the London’s most popular tourist attraction
The Tower Bridge– a bridge which is near the Tower of London. It is low over the river and it must be opened for the big ships => signals for ships and cars are sent by traffic lights.
The Tower of London– it is near the Tower Bridge. It was a prison /väzenie/, a fortress /pevnosť/, a palace in the past => visitors can see the crown jewels /korunovačné klenoty/ there.
BuckinghamPalace – it is the residence of the Queen. She lives here with her family. The first queen who lived in Buckingham Palace was the Queen Victoria. In summer tourists can visit the Buckingham Palace because it is opened to public and they can also see the changing of the guard.
St. Paul’s Cathedral/Katedrála Sv. Pavla/
Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum/Múzeum voskových figurín Madam Tussaudovej/– there are figurines of famous people made of wax /z vosku/.

STREETS/ulice/ AND SQUARES/námestia/:
Trafalgar Square/Trafalgarské Námestie/ -it is famous for its pigeons /holuby/. Every year, people from London celebrate the New Year there. The square is on the place where French were defeated by English under Admiral Lord Nelson => there is Nelson’s column /Nelsonov pamätník/.
Oxford Street– the biggest shopping street in London. There are many shopping centres and also many small shops.

PARKS IN LONDON:
Hyde Park – the biggest park in London. In the Hyde Park there is a place called the Speaker’s corner /Rečnícky kútik/ where people can say their opinions on public, religious and political issues.
St. James’ Park– it is oldest of the Royal Parks in the city of Westminster – it is east of the Buckingham Palace.
Kensington Gardens- it is now a park, but in the past it was a private garden, which belonged to the Kensington Palace => we can see there the Albert Memorial, Peter Pan Statue and other buildings and monuments.
GreenwichPark

4. Famous people in Britain
The Royal Family/Kráľovská rodina/ - it consists of the Queen Elizabeth II., her husband and their children => Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. Prince Charles was married to Princess Diana who died in a car crash in 1997. They had 2 sons – William and Harry. At present Prince Charles is married to Camilla Parker Bowles. The Royal family lives in the Buckingham palace which is the residence of the Queen.
The Prime Minister – the Prime Minister lives and has his office in 10 Downing Street in London. The British Prime Minister is now Gordon Brown.
Pop singers – the Beatles, Robbie Williams… - the Beatles come from Liverpool and their songs are very popular and still played on the radios. They consisted of 4 members /John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Star/ => they were very popular in the 60’s. John Lennon was killed by a fan.

5. Customs and traditions
British people are considered conservative. People celebrate these holidays:
Easter holiday– in England children often boil chicken’s eggs and paint them with bright colours. Then they all get together on top of a hill and have an egg race => they roll the eggs down the hill
Mother’s Day – 2nd Sunday in May => children give flowers and presents to their mothers
The Queen’s Official Birthday – Saturday after the 9th of June – a ceremonial meeting of the guard in the presence of the Queen.
Halloween– the 31st of October – children dress up in Halloween costumes with masks on their faces. They carry baskets and they go to their friend’s and neighbour’s houses and they knock at the door. People give them sweets, fruit or money. 
Bonfire Night /Guy Fawkes’ Night/ - Noc Ohňostrojov - the 5th of November – people remember the day in 1605 when a group of people tried to blow up the House of Lords with gunpowder => they were all executed and Guy Fawkes is the most famous of the conspirators.
Christmas– people in Britain have the Christmas dinner on the 25th of December. In the morning, when the children wake up, they find presents under the Christmas tree. In the evening the family has Christmas dinner together – they have a turkey and the Christmas pudding.

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