Canada, History (Anglický jazyk)

Canada, History (Anglický jazyk) 

Téma: Canada

Predmet: Angličtina

CANADA

• It is the second largest country in the world (9,984,670 km² )
• Population about 33,476,688 (2011)
• The capital city is Ottawa.
• The official languages are English and French.
• National symbol is a maple leaf and a beaver.
• It covers more than half of the North American continent and a number of islands.
• Canada´s official flag was adopted in 1965.
• Canada´s coast is touched by three oceans – the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic.
• There are six time zones from the east to the west.
• Canada is famous for its beautiful countryside and wild animals like bison, bear (black,grizzly,polar), moose, coyote, prairie dog, rattlesnake.
• The principal natural resources are gas, oil, gold, coal, copper, iron ore.
• Leading industries include car manufacturing, machinery, forestry, agriculture.
• Sports: ice-hockey, lacrosse, curling, skiing,football, basketball,golf,tennis
• It is a constitutional monarchy.
• The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. represented by the Governor General.
• The current governor general is David Lloyd Johnston, who has served since 1 October 2010.
• Canada has a federal system of government. The head of government is the Pime Minister.
• The democratic parliament consists of two houses, the Senate and the House of Commons.

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories,

• Yukon territory – the highest mountain Mount Logan (5959m)
• British Columbia – mountainous terrain for hikers, campers, rock climbers and fishermen
• Manitoba – many polar bears
• Alberta – national parks: Banff, Jasper
• Ontario – the capital Ottawa
• Quebec – French speaking province, Montreal (the second largest city), the world´s largest producer of maple syrup
• Nova Scotia – Scottish Highland Music Festival
• Prince Edward Island – nicknamed the „Garden of the Gulf“

H I S T O R Y

• The original inhabitants came from Asia across a land bridge which is now the Bering Strait.
• The country was discovered by the Vikings about 1000 years ago.
• The first Europeans came in the 15th century (the Portuguese).
• In the 16th century the French occupied most of the country and called it New France.
• The name Canada comes from the Indian word „kanata“ which means village or community and it has been used since 1860.
• From the 18th century control moved to the British.
• Canada became a British colony in 1793 and a dominion of the United Kingdom in 1867.
• In 1982 through the Canada Act it became formally separated from the United Kingdom.

A B O R I G I N A L S

• The name “Inuit” is a distinctive group of aboriginal Canadians, sometimes called „Eskimos“.
• The Inuit have traditionally been fishers and hunters. They still hunt whales, walrus, seals, polar bears, muskoxen, birds, and the Arctic Fox. The typical Inuit diet is high in protein and very high in fat.
• The Inuit live throughout most of the Canadian Arctic and subarctic in the territory of Nunavut; and in various parts of the Northwest Territories, particularly around the Arctic Ocean.

OTTAWA the capital city

• It is located in the province of Ontario on the south bank of the Otawa River.
• Established in 1826 as Bytown, renamed Ottawa in 1855.
• On December 31, 1857, Queen Victoria was asked to choose a capital for the Province of Canada, and she chose Ottawa.
• Ottawa is governed by the 24-member Ottawa City Council.
• The mayor, currently is Jim Watson.
• Ottawa is known as one of the most educated cities in Canada.
• Ottawa has a high quality of living (14th highest in the world). It is also rated the second cleanest city in Canada, and third cleanest city in the world.
• Population: 883,391 (in 2011)

PLACES OF INTEREST

MONTREAL –the second largest city , TORONTO –the largest ciTY in Canada , Quebec

Ontario – The CN Tower , VANCOUVER , British Columbia , CALGARY , Alberta

BANFF NATIONAL PARK

• is Canada’s oldest national park, established in 1885 in the Rocky Mountains. The park, located in the province of Alberta, encompasses 6,641 km² of mountainous terrain, with numerous glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest, and alpine landscapes.

1. Yukon Territory
2. Northwest Territories
3. Nunavut
4. British Columbia
5. Alberta
6. Saskatchewan
7. Manitoba
8. Ontario
9. Quebec
10. Newfoundland and Labrador
11. Prince Edward Island
12. New Brunswick
13. Nova Scotia