Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961)

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Autor: macxo
Typ práce: Referát
Dátum: 29.12.2008
Jazyk: Angličtina
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Ernest Hemingway is one of the most famous figures of American literature. He was an excellent novelist and a master of short forms. Hemingway was the head of the disillusioned ”Lost Generation”.
 
Biography
Hemingway was born in 1899 in Illinois, the USA. He didn’t stay there all his life; Cuba and Paris became his adopted homes. He left a college to begin a career of a journalist. Hemingway was a participant of the First World War and the Second World War. He was deeply interested in public affairs thus his life was interesting and full of adventures.
Ernest Hemingway was keen on hunting, fishing and bullfighting and these activities became the background for many of his novels and short stories.
 
Lost Generation
Hemingway was the leading member of the group of writers and artists that called themselves the “Lost generation”. They expressed their feelings and opinions about life, especially the loss of illusions, faith and hope among young people after the First World War.
 
His work
Hemingway developed a kind of novel combining elements of love story with elements of war story. His heroes are usually maimed mentally or physically.

The Sun Also Rises (1926)
It was his first novel that made him famous.
 
A Farewell To Arms (1929)
It is an important work with a military theme, the love story of an English nurse and an American ambulance lieutenant during the war.
 
The Death in the Afternoon (1932)
Here he expressed his love to Spain and his passion for bullfighting.
 
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
It is his longest novel and the most successful of all his books. It is a psychological picture of war and an impressive story of love. Hemingway reacted to the Spanish Civil War by celebrating mankind. He describes 3 days of the American volunteer Robert Jordan and his relationship with the Spanish girl Maria. Robert, the main character, a capable, conscientious American, comes to Spain to help in the fight against fascism. Facing certain death in the battles, he realises what a beautiful place the world really is and it is worth fighting for freedom. He knows that a loss of liberty in one place means a loss everywhere.
 
The Old Man and the Sea  (1952)
It is a short novelette and in 1954 Hemingway was awarded by the Nobel Prize for Literature for this work.
The main idea of this novelette is „Man can be destroyed but not defeated.“
An old Cuban fisherman Santiago is the main character who went out to the sea to catch fish. Manoli is the boy who used to go with him as his helper. For 40 days, day-by-day, they had no luck; they didn’t catch even a single fish. For this reason the boy’s parents forbade him to go out to the sea with the old man. One day Santiago went fishing. He caught a very big fish that dragged the old man along the sea for several days. On the way home sharks swam and ate the fish, only a skeleton of the big fish remained.
Hemingway pointed out the strength of the nature and our weakness. We aren’t able to struggle with the nature and overcome it.
 
Other works:
The Green Hills of Africa  (1935)
The Snows if Kilimanjaro  (1936)
Across the River and into the Trees  (1950)
Islands in the Stream (1970)
 
During his last years Hemingway suffered from deep depressions, unable to solve his problems and troubles he committed suicide.

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