Slovakia – My homeland (topic, essay, vocabulary)

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Autor: wanna (18)
Typ práce: Ostatné
Dátum: 20.03.2023
Jazyk: Angličtina
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Slovakia – My homeland (topic, essay, vocabulary)

The Slovak Republic is an independent state. SR is situated in the heart of Europe. The territory of Slovakia is not big and it has five neighbors. It borders to the Czech Republic and Austria in the west, to the Hungary in the south, to the Poland in the north, to the Ukraine in the east. Slovakia has more than 5 millions inhabitants. The biggest minority group are Hungarians who live along the southern boarder. The Gypsy ethnic group is the biggest in Slovakia. Slovakia is a small country – its area is 49.036 square kilometres.

The Slovak Republic is a new state which came into existence on 1st January 1993 when former Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. 

Te official language is Slovak. Official currency is Euro. The capital of Slovakia is Bratislava and it lies on the river Danube.

The highest mountains are the High Tatras. There are lot of tourist and ski- centres in Slovakia, the famous are for example Chopok, Lomincký štít, Donovaly…The highest peak of Slovakia is Gerlach with height of 2655 m. 

Slovakia has a lot of rivers. The Váh is the longest river and the Danube is the biggest one. The Slovak climate is mild. The most typical feature of the climate is the alternation of four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). 

The most widely spread forms of transport in Slovakia is road and railway transport. In addition to this, we also make use of air-transport. There are tree international airports in Slovakia (in Bratislava, Košice and Poprad).

The territory of Slovakia
 is very rich in mineral springs; many of them are thermal springs. Famous spas are opened in towns Piešťany, Trenčianske Teplice and Bardejov.

Most of the Slovakspractice some form of Christian religion, primarily Roman Catholicism. Over 60% of the population is Roman Catholic. There are also Protestant, Eastern Orthodox and the other smaller religious minorities.

The National flag consist of three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The left half of the flag bears the state emblem of the Slovak Republic - a double cross with mountains in the background. 

Interesting places in Slovakia:
Bratislava is the capital. There is: the Slovak President; the seat of the country’s government and parliament; the Comenius University; the Slovak National Theatre; the Danube; the Castle of Bratislava; the Old Town Hall \radnica\; the Primaciálny Palace /a residence of the President/; the Michal Tower, with its famous Michal Gate, which is the gate to Old Town.
In Košice you can find Minster of St. Elizabeth; St. Michael’s Chapel \kaplnka\; The East-Slovak Museum; Town Hall, Rakoczi’s Palace, etc.

The smaller towns and villages are frequently visited by tourists because of \kvôli\ their rich cultural history and beautiful architecture./e.g. Banská Štiavnica, Kremnica, Bardejov, Levoča /with the largest wooden altar in the world made by Master Paul//. Many smaller towns such as Bojnice, Zvolen, Trenčín, Spišská Nová Ves, Krásna Hôrka etc, are famous for their castles.

The High Tatras - it’s one of the most attractive places in Slovakia both for Slovak and foreign tourists. They’re popular for their beauty, modern hotels and excellent sports facilities. They’re the highest mountains in Slovakia with the highest peak Gerlach /Lomnicky, Krivan, Slavkovsky peak/. In the territory of the HT there are about 100 lakes such as Strbske, Hincovo or Modre Pleso. There are also many streams \potoky\ with crystal/clear water and numerous waterfalls. The Tatra national park was created to protect and conserve unique nature, plants /edelweiss \plesnivec\/ and animals /bear, lynx, wild cats, otters, eagles, chamois \kamzík\, marmot \svišť\, squirrel/. The HT haven’t been the same since November 2004. A hurricane /whirlwind badly damaged our pride. Trees fell down like matches. Tatras are injured but they’re not dead. Rocks are still there. Three quarters of the forests remained. A hundred-year-old wind has changed Tatras incredibly. They need help. Ecologists believe the Tatras will survive and a newborn again and TANAP will be restored \obnovený\ again.

Slovakia offers lots of attraction that are worth seeing \stoja za videnie\. One unique sight in Slovakia is Spiš Castle dates back to the time before the 13th century and is known as one of the most extensive \najrozsiahlejší\ Gothic castles in Europe. In 1993 Spiš Castle including Spišské Podhradie, Spišská Kapitula and the church in Žehra were listed among 300 of the most important monuments in the world.

Slovakia is rich in mineral and curative \liečebné\ springs which led to \viedli\ the establishment \založenie\ of many well-known spas. The most important is Piešťany, Sliač, Trenčianske Teplice, Bardejov and so on. The Bardejov spa is situated in the north eastern part of Slovakia. There are 8 precious \vzácny\ mineral springs. The curative properties \vlastnosti\ of the mineral water and climatic conditions enable \umožňovať\ the treatment of digestive tract. 
Wooden churches are one of the most remarkable \pozoruhodný\ architectural sights in Slovakia. In Levoča there is St. Jacob’s Gothic Church built in the 15th century. Its main altar is worth seeing is the work of Master Paul of Levoča.

B.)MOUNTAINS/hory/: Slovakia is a very mountainous /hornatá/ country. 
In the north/sever/ there are the High Tatras / Vysoké Tatry/ with the highest peak /najvyšší vrchol/ the Gerlach Peak/Gerlachovský štít/. There are also other peaks – for exampleKriváň Peak and tarns /plesá/ - for example Štrbské pleso, Popradské pleso.
The Low Tatras /Nízke Tatry/ - they are not as high as the High Tatras but the nature there is beautiful and it is an ideal place for hiking /turistika/ - the most popular peaks in the Low Tatras are Ďumbier, Zvolen, Chopok, Kráľová Hoľa.
In the west/západ/ there are the Big Fatra /Veľká Fatra/, the Small Fatra /Malá Fatra/, theWhite Carpathian Mountains /Biele Karpaty/, the Small Carpathian Mountains /Malé Karpaty/.
In the east part /východná časť/ of central Slovakia there are mountains called the SlovakParadise /Slovenský raj/ and the Slovak Karst /Slovenský Kras/.

C.)RIVERS /rieky/ and LAKES/jazerá/ - the biggest rivers are the river Danube, Moravia, Hron, Ipeľ and Ondava. The most important river is the river Danube – in Bratislava, Komárno and Štúrovo there are also ports /prístavy/. The longest river is the river Váh. Slovakia doesn’t have many lakes. The most important lakes are in the High Tatras – they are called tarns /plesá/– for example Štrbské pleso, Popradské pleso and so on. The biggest dams /priehrady/ are Domaša Dam, Liptov Dam, Orava Water Dam, Zemplínska Šírava… and the biggest water power station /vodná elektráreň/ is Gabčíkovo.

D.)CLIMATE /podnebie/ in Slovakia is mild. The warmest part of Slovakia is the south.

Agriculture is very important for Slovakia – people in Slovakia grow potatoes /zemiaky/,sugar beets /cukrová trstina/, corn /kukurica/. In Pezinok and Modra people usually grow /pestujú/ grape-wine /vinič, hrozno/. People in Slovakia also grow fruit and vegetables. Animal production is important, too – people keep cows /kravy/, goats /kozy/, hens /sliepky/ - in hen farms, pigs /prasatá/, sheep /ovce/ ...

People and their customs + traditions
Slovak people are very friendly and hospitable /pohostinní/ but they are not very rich. They like traditional music and dancing and therefore there are many folk festivals in Slovakia every year – for example in Detva, Východná... At these festivals you can hear folk music and see many beautiful folk costumes and folk dances. These festivals are also visited by foreign tourists. We also have typical food. Our national dish /národné jedlo/ is “Bryndzové halušky“ which is a meal made of potatoes and cheese called bryndza. We have very good cheese in Slovakia – for example, oštiepok and parenica. Slovak national hero is Juraj Jánošík.
Slovak people are Christians and because of this the most important holidays are Christmas and Easter. For Christmas and Easter the Slovak families usually gettogether – they visit each other, bake cakes and cook traditional meals.
FOOD: Bryndzove halusky: If you ask one hundred Slovak people to tell you one and only one Slovak traditional meal, usually at least 90 of them will say "bryndzove halusky" ("bryndzové halušky"), small dumplings made of potato dough with sheep cheese and topped with scrambled bacon ("Speck" in German). Parenicaostiepokkorbacik :different sorts of cheese, either smoked or not.
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