The European Union

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Autor: maturanti
Typ práce: Referát
Dátum: 27.05.2026
Jazyk: Angličtina
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The European Union

European Union is a unique – a family of democratic countries, commited to working together for peace and prosperity. Rober Schuman (9. May.1950), maked a speech proposing France and Germany combine the coal and steel resources in a new organisation that european countries can join. 9th May is celebrated as the birthday of the EU – Europe Day.

The flag of Europe consists of a circle of 12 golden (yellow) stars on an azure background. It is the flag and emblem of the European Union and Council of Europe. It is also often used to indicate eurozone countries, and, more loosely, to represent the continent of Europe or the countries of Europe independent of any of these institutions.

History of EU

Originally the EU consisted of just six countries – Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxemburg and the Netherlands.

  • In 1973 joined Denmark, Ireland and United Kingdom.
  • In 1981 joined Greece.
  • In 1986 Spain and Portugal.
  • In 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden.
  • In 2004 – 10 new countries – Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia

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The European Union delivered stability, peace, prosperity. It has helped to raise standards, built a single Europe-wide market, given us the euro and strengthened the voice of Europe in the world and stehgthened position of Slovak Republic in Europe.

Today, the EU deals with many others matters, such as citizens rights, ensuring freedom, security and justice,job creation, regional development, enviromental protection and making globalisation work for everyone.

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Advantages

– The trade and economy support and protection

– We don´t need a passport when travelling

– Common curency – EURO- we don´t need change money

– Open bords, work opportunities

– Better education

– Better health care

– Increasing turism

– Shopping around and compare prices

Disadvantages

– Economic crises

– Problems with state budgets ( rozpočet) – they are not stable

– New currency

– Dipendence on EU

– Emigration

– National identity and souverenity might be weakened

– Euro is not stable

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Institutes of European Union

a) European parliament

b) Council of the EU

c) European Commission

d) Court of justice

e) Court of Auditors

Erasmus programme – set up to help young Europeans study abroad
Kyoto protocol – worldwide agreement to reduce air pollution ( 2002)
CAMP – common agricultural policy (1962)

The European Union – základné informácie

TémaStručné vysvetlenie
European UnionThe European Union is a unique family of democratic European countries.
Main aimIts main aim is to support peace, prosperity, cooperation and stability in Europe.
Europe DayEurope Day is celebrated on 9th May.
Robert SchumanOn 9th May 1950, Robert Schuman proposed cooperation between France and Germany in coal and steel production.
EU flagThe European flag has 12 golden stars in a circle on a blue background.
Meaning of the starsThe 12 stars symbolize unity, harmony and solidarity among European nations.
CurrencyThe common currency in many EU countries is the euro.
Slovakia and the EUSlovakia joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro in 2009.

History of the European Union

YearCountries / Event
1950Robert Schuman presented his idea of European cooperation.
Original membersBelgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
1973Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined.
1981Greece joined.
1986Spain and Portugal joined.
1995Austria, Finland and Sweden joined.
2004Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia joined.
2020The United Kingdom left the European Union.

Main advantages of the European Union

AdvantageExplanation in English
Free travellingPeople can travel more easily between EU countries.
No passport checks in Schengen AreaIn many European countries, people can travel without border controls.
Common currencyIn eurozone countries, people can use the euro and do not need to exchange money.
Work opportunitiesEU citizens can work in other EU countries more easily.
Better educationStudents can study abroad, for example through the Erasmus programme.
Support for economy and tradeThe EU supports trade, business and economic cooperation.
Regional developmentPoorer regions can receive financial support from EU funds.
Consumer protectionPeople can compare prices and have stronger consumer rights.
Environmental protectionThe EU supports rules that protect nature and the climate.

Main disadvantages of the European Union

DisadvantageExplanation in English
Dependence on the EUSome countries may depend too much on EU decisions and financial support.
Economic problemsEconomic crises in one country can influence other EU countries.
Problems with state budgetsSome countries may have unstable budgets and debts.
Loss of sovereigntyNational governments must follow many EU rules.
Weaker national identitySome people think that national traditions and identity can be weakened.
Migration and emigrationMany people leave their home countries to work abroad.
Eurozone problemsThe euro can bring advantages, but also economic difficulties for some countries.
BureaucracyThe EU is sometimes criticised for too many rules and complicated administration.

Main institutions of the European Union

InstitutionMain role
European ParliamentRepresents EU citizens and helps make EU laws.
Council of the European UnionRepresents governments of EU member states.
European CommissionProposes new laws and protects the interests of the EU as a whole.
Court of Justice of the European UnionMakes sure that EU law is interpreted and applied correctly.
European Court of AuditorsChecks how EU money is used.

Important EU programmes and agreements

TermMeaning
Erasmus programmeA programme that helps students study or train abroad.
Kyoto ProtocolAn international agreement focused on reducing pollution and greenhouse gases.
Common Agricultural PolicyEU policy that supports farmers and agriculture.
Single marketA market where goods, services, people and money can move freely.
EurozoneA group of EU countries that use the euro as their official currency.

Useful vocabulary

EnglishSlovak
peacemier
prosperityprosperita, blahobyt
cooperationspolupráca
member statečlenský štát
citizens’ rightspráva občanov
single marketjednotný trh
currencymena
exchange ratevýmenný kurz
state budgetštátny rozpočet
sovereigntysuverenita
environmental protectionochrana životného prostredia
employmentzamestnanosť
regional developmentregionálny rozvoj
agricultural policypoľnohospodárska politika

Short speaking summary

QuestionShort answer
What is the European Union?The European Union is a union of democratic European countries which cooperate in politics, economy, trade, education and many other areas.
Why was the EU created?It was created to support peace, stability and cooperation after the Second World War.
When is Europe Day celebrated?Europe Day is celebrated on 9th May.
What are the main advantages of the EU?The main advantages are free travelling, work opportunities, the euro, better education, trade support and regional development.
What are the disadvantages of the EU?The disadvantages include bureaucracy, dependence on EU decisions, economic problems and possible weakening of national sovereignty.
Why is the EU important for Slovakia?The EU is important for Slovakia because it supports the Slovak economy, gives people more opportunities to travel, study and work abroad, and strengthens Slovakia’s position in Europe.
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