The Olympic Games

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Autor: sp-prace (16)
Typ práce: Maturita
Dátum: 31.08.2013
Jazyk: Angličtina
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The Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate.[1] The Games are currently held every four years, with Summer and Winter Olympic Games alternating, although they occur every four years within their respective seasonal games. Since 2008, host cities are contracted to manage both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games,[2] where athletes who have a physical disability compete. The Paralympics are held immediately following their respective Olympic Games. Originally, the ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. The IOC has since become the governing body of the Olympic Movement, whose structure and actions are defined by the Olympic Charter.
 The most famous sport competitions are the Olympic Games, Goodwill games and World Student Games. The Olympic Games were already held in ancient Greece. The Olympics were renewed by Pierre de Coubertin about a hundred years ago, and today as well as in ancient times they take place every four years. Since 1924 there are two parts to the games. The winter part and the summer part, which alternate once every two years. There are also Paralympic Games known. The Paralympic Games are the zenith of competition for elite athletes with physical disabilities. The fundamental philosophy guiding the Paralympic movement is that these world-class athletes should have opportunities and experiences equivalent to those afforded non-disables athletes.The other famous competition are the Goodwill Games. The first Goodwill Games were in Moscow in 1986, the second one were held in Seattle in 1990 and the last one were held in St. Petersburg in 1994. Goodwill Games are held every four years. Another famous games are World Student Games. The first International University games were held in Warsaw. Ten games are usually included at these Summer Games as football, athletics, basketball, fencing, gymnastics, judo, swimming, tennis, volleyball, and water-polo. In all of these competitions there is a big pressure on the people in sports. There is a pressure from family, sponsors, couch, manager and from public. So they are trying to win all the time.
 
 
The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Games for ice and winter sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with a physical disability, and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes. The IOC has had to adapt to the varying economic, political, and technological realities of the 20th century. As a result, the Olympics shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Coubertin, to allow participation of professional athletes. The growing importance of the mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialization of the Games. World Wars led to the cancellation of the 1916, 1940, and 1944 Games. Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games.
 
The Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations (IFs), National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and organizing committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Olympic Games. The host city is responsible for organizing and funding a celebration of the Games consistent with the Olympic Charter. The Olympic program, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games, is also determined by the IOC. The celebration of the Games encompasses many rituals and symbols, such as the Olympic flag and torch, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. There are over 13,000 athletes who compete at the Summer and Winter Olympics in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events. The first, second, and third place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals; gold, silver, and bronze, respectively.
 
The Games have grown in scale to the point that nearly every nation is represented. Such growth has created numerous challenges, including boycotts, doping, bribery of officials, and terrorism. Every two years, the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national, and in particular cases, international fame. The Games also constitute a major opportunity for the host city and country to showcase itself to the world.
 
The University's Students' Union offers a diverse range of sports clubs, many are entered into a variety of competitive leagues. We have on average 30 different types of sports on offer ranging from Football, Rugby, Rowing, Hockey, to Karate and Ju Jitsu. For full details of the clubs and societies on offer, please visit the Student Union website link below. The competition leagues range from inter collegiate competitions for new teams looking to home their skills. For more established teams SESSA (Southern England Sports Association) and BUSA (British Universities Sports Association) offer a greater variety of opponents at a higher level of competition. We are proud to be a centre of excellence for Cricket and regularly perform well in the BUSA premier leagues.

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