Education

Cudzie jazyky » Angličtina

Autor: verca123
Typ práce: Maturita
Dátum: 13.09.2013
Jazyk: Angličtina
Rozsah: 4 257 slov
Počet zobrazení: 12 336
Tlačení: 563
Uložení: 513
Education

Pictures
- Describe the picture and the atmosphere. What characteristics should the person in the picture have? Would you like to do the same job? Why? Why not?

- Describe the picture. Was this type of education important in your lifetime? What activities do you remember doing?
- Describe the picture. What do you think of the discipline in this picture?  Is it different to discipline in your school? In what way?

- Look at the pictures and explain the pros and cons of each way of teaching and learning.

- Describe the picture. Is it a great problem at our schools? What do you think of this problem? How can we solve this problem?

 
Discussion
1.What kind of education would you like to have?
2.Describe the Slovak and the British school systems. What do they have in common and what are the differences?
3.What would you like to study?
4.Should the government spend more money on education?
5.If you were a minister of education, how would you improve the system of education?
6.If you could, how would you change your choice of a secondary school?
7.If you were a parent, would you prefer 8-year gymnasium to basic school? Why? Why not?
8.Would you change the organization of the school year?
9.What is your opinion on the school-leaving examination in your country? Is there anything you would like to change?

- What is your opinion on wearing school uniforms & private education?

11.  Name the subjects taught at primary and secondary schools.
12.  Describe your timetable. Is it ideal? Would you like to change it somehow?
13.  Speak about your timetable, chat you do in each class and any after-school activities that you have.
14.  Which are your most favourite/ least favourite subjects and why?
15.  Would you like to change anything at this school?
16.  If a student hates a subject, is it a problem of a teacher?
17.  What other subjects would you introduce at our school?
18.  Explain which learning strategies you prefer.
19.  What are the breaks for? How do you spend breaks? Would you prolong the breaks, although you would stay at school longer?
20.  Students learn best by doing practical tasks. Do you agree?
21.  The main purpose of education is to prepare people for jobs. Do you agree?
22.  Education is about learning and remembering information. Do you agree?
23.  Formal written tests and exams are the best means of finding out how good students are. Do you agree?
24.  Could you imagine a school without giving grades?
25.  Describe your ideal school. /location, number of students, subjects, equipment, after-school activities/
26.  What is your opinion about private tutoring? Does it really help kids to do well in exams? Would it work for you and if so, why?
27.  Which subjects do you think should be compulsory and which should be optional?
28.  What do you think about the grading system in our schools?
29.  Why do students sometimes dislike school and play truant?
30.  What do you think of cheating on tests to get good grades? Is it ethical?
31.  Which learning methods do you find most helpful? Do you do your homework and learn   regularly for each class, or only when there is a test coming up?
32.  Are you nervous before exams and tests? Have you ever cheated? What do you think of it? Is it ethical?
33.  Is life of a student difficult? Why? Why not?
34.  Why do students do summer jobs?
35.  What are typical summer jobs for students?
36.  What do students do in their free time?
37.  What is students` life like? What about your free time & after school activities?
38.  Comment on playing truant and bullying at schools. Give some hints how they could be avoided.
39.  Do you have any extra-curricular activities?
40.  Why do language courses boom?
41.  Have you ever attended a language course?
42.  Have you learnt something more than you could learn at school?
43.  What are the advantages of attending language courses?
44.  What is your opinion about the present teacher-student and student-teacher relationships in your school?
45.  What are some characteristics of good teachers? How can teachers make classes interesting?
46.  What an ideal relationship between students and teacher should be?
47.  How do you think the teacher should motivate you more?
 
Role-plays and simulations
- You have just become a teacher who has to motivate young people to study. What methods do you find interesting for teaching? What interesting lessons can you remember? /Simulation/

- You are a parent of a pupil. He or she has been having problems with one subject lately. Analyze possible reasons of this problem and try to help him/her. /Role-play/

- Your friend would like to improve his/her English because he/she would like to take the FCC. Give advice on how to make headway in speaking, reading, listening and writing. /Role-play/

- It was a friend’s 18th birthday yesterday and you were out late celebrating. You even forgot to do your homework. Explain your teacher why you don’t have it and promise to hand it in tomorrow. /Role-play/

- Role-play this problem situation. Student B should ask for advice and student A should give advice.  - You are worried that you are going to fail your Maturita exam. You have a part-time job so you are often too tired to study in the evening. You also find it difficult to concentrate because your home is very noisy. /The TV is always on and you have two younger brothers./ /Role-play/

- Role-play this problem situation. Student B should ask for advice and student A should give advice. – You think that your English teacher doesn’t like you. He/she often criticizes your homework in front of the class and never asks you to answer questions. /Role-play/

- Take turns in playing the student and the teacher in the following situations:

•  The student is late for class.
•  The student needs to leave the class early.
•  The student would like the teacher to explain something. /Role-play/

- The Ministry of Education is going to celebrate Teachers´ Day by honouring the teacher students like most. You have decided to nominate a teacher you like very much. Describe the teacher’s qualities and how they relate to students. Include how he/she is different from other teachers you have had. /Simulation/
- Imagine that you are responsible for organization of a school year at your school. What would it be like? Think about school subjects, breaks, holidays, evaluation, grades, etc. /Simulation/

- You and your friend have decided to study at university in Scotland. You are convinced that the Scottish university provides better education than the Slovak ones. Your parents do not agree with you and do not want to lend you any money for studying. Try to persuade your parents and decide how and when you intend to pay the money back.  /Role-play/

Vzdelanie
- školský systém /typy školských zariadení, skúšky, organizácia školského roka, klasifikácia, prázdniny/
- vyučovanie /rozvrh hodín, predmety,  prestávky, školské stravovanie, aktivity na hodine/
- život študenta /voľný čas, záľuby, mimoškolské aktivity, brigády, priatelia, vreckové/
- štúdium cudzích jazykov /výmenné pobyty, stáže, jazykové kurzy, au-pair/
- vzťah učiteľa k žiakovi a opačne
 
A.
The Slovak school system
Education is very important these days. If you want to succeed in our highly-developed society you need a good education. That is why all countries devote so much attention to their educational systems and try to improve them.
There have been some serious changes made in the educational system in Slovakia in the last few years.  The National Curriculum has been changed, a new school-leaving exam has been introduced at secondary schools and many students are taking advantage of studying abroad.
In Slovakia school attendance is compulsory from the age of 6 to 16. It is free of charge and provides everybody in this  age  range  with  the  same  kind  of  teaching  and education and  with the same possibilities  for their future education. Besides state schools, there are also church schools and private schools.

The  school  system  as a whole includes: 

1./ PRE  -  SCHOOL  EDUCATION  /3-6 years/

Many children start their schooling in nursery school where they spend a few hours each day playing and doing some activities. They start socializing with other children.  Pre-school education is voluntary and prepares children for compulsory school attendance. Pre-school education includes crèches, kindergartens and special kindergartens for disabled children.

2./ PRIMARY  EDUCATION -  the basic school

In Slovakia a nine-year attendance of primary education has been introduced to provide enough time for pupils to choose their future career through the system of different kinds of secondary schools.
Primary education is divided into two stages: the first stage with grades 1-4 and the second stage with grades 5-9. Primary school provides children with a general education with pupils having from 25 to 30 lessons per week, studying languages, history, geography, maths, physics, chemistry, biology, art, religion or ethics and PE.
Some years ago a new type of school was introduced – the eight-year „gymnasium“. After a certain period many pros and cons of this schooling can be recognized. One positive effect is that talented children are given an opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills by means of the demanding curriculum. But the same curriculum can sometimes lead to their overloading that can result in the loss of a childhood full of fun and taking things easy.

3./  SECONDARY EDUCATION
When children finish primary school, they can choose what type of secondary school they want to attend for the next four years.  There are different types of secondary schools in Slovakia:
a./  schools equivalent to  grammar schools in Britain or high schools in the USA - gymnasium
b./  vocational schools
c./ secondary special schools /e.g. secondary technical schools, commercial schools, secondary school for health workers such as nurses, laboratory workers./
Every primary school student has to apply and pass entrance exam before moving on to secondary school.
Vocational and technical schools /agricultural, nursing, electro-technical, performing and fine arts and business and hotel academies/ prepare students for their future professions but they also offer a general education. Other 3-year secondary vocational schools prepare students for practical jobs. Students graduate after passing final examinations in both theoretical and practical subjects.
Gymnasium offers theoretical education and prepares for higher education. Some of them specialize in a specific subject, like math or languages.  Studies at gymnasiums and specialized secondary schools take four years and are finished with a school-leaving examination /matricular examinations/.
Matricular exams are in four subjects, two compulsory and two optional /elective/.  The exam has two parts: the written and the oral.
In Central and Eastern Europe a new process of the school-leaving examination is on. New trends in these countries, the high mobility of students, the possibility to seek for work or study in other countries has brought about necessity for exams which will be objective, valid and acceptable in a variety of concepts.
Successful  graduates  from  secondary schools  can  enter  any university  if  they pass their  school  leaving  and  entrance  exams  well enough. 

4./ TERTIARY  EDUCATION  - universities, technical  universities
Many students want to continue their studies at universities where they study law /law school/, medicine /medical school/, business or international relations /business school/ and so on. First-year students usually have to get accustomed to an independent system of attending lectures and tutorials. While during their primary and secondary education they were given marks, at universities they have to get credits and grades  A,B,C,D,E /if they pass/ and FX /if they fail/.  Students can enroll /prihlásiť sa/ in three-year courses for bachelor’s degree or five-year courses for master’s degree. In Slovakia winter and summer terms are regular periods of the academic year.
In order to get a university diploma, a student must first successfully complete and defend a thesis he/she has researched and written and then pass the state examination in his field of study. When students successfully accomplish their university studies they are given a degree in their field of study. The most advanced type of degree is a PhD when postgraduate students study on their own for several years, doing research work and writing a dissertation explaining what they have discovered. They also have to defend their work in front of a panel of professors.
OUR OLDEST UNIVERSITY originated in 1465 in Bratislava, having been founded by Mathias Corvin  /Academia Istropolitana/.  Today  there  is a national  system  of  various  faculties  covering  the  needs  of our society. 
Organization of the school year - The school year starts on 1st of September and ends on 30th June of the following year. The school year is divided into two terms /September-January, February – June/. During the school year there are many holidays, such as autumn holidays, Christmas holidays, half-term holidays, spring holidays, Easter holidays and summer holidays. Students get school reports at the end of January and June and are assessed by marks from 1 to 5.

The British school system

British children begin their education at the age of five and must attend school till the age of 16.  Some go to nursery schools from the age of three to five. So they have at least 11 years of compulsory full-time education. There are state schools and private schools in Britain. State education is free, while private education is extremely expensive. Both systems offer the same kind of education, but some parents believe that their children will learn better at a private school, where the classes are smaller and there is more individual approach. Others are against the principle of private education, saying that it is a privilege. The majority of British children /94%/ are educated in state schools, which are free of charge.
The  educational  system  in  England  has  been gradually  re-organized  in recent  decades and  therefore there  are  several  different systems  nowadays. Until 1965 the most common schools were primary schools for children up to the age of eleven and then pupils had to pass an exam called Eleven Plus, which was actually an IQ test. The results of the Eleven Plus System decided whether pupils went to grammar schools for the best pupils /25%/ or to secondary modern schools which took the rest /75%/. This exam was abolished. There have been considerable changes especially in the secondary education.  Over 90 % of secondary schools are now comprehensive. They take all children over eleven and do not select the best ones on the basis of the test. But many children start at primary school at the age of five, then they go to middle school at the age of eight and when they are nearly thirteen they start to attend comprehensive secondary school.  Comprehensive schools offer general education which ends at the age of sixteen. At the  time most of the  pupils take some form  of public  examination  in  around  seven  subject.  This state examination is called “O” /ordinary/ levels /at the age of 16 - in 5-8 subjects/. These exams are national and give pupils a qualification that is  recognized in the whole country.  More ambitious pupils /one - third/ continue their education after sixteen, for another two years, in the sixth form. During these two years students take a more academic form of study leading to an examination in two or three subjects.  This  examination  is  very  important  for  those  who  want to  continue their studies at some of the British  universities /“A“ – advanced levels , 18 years in 2-4 subjects/. According to the results universities choose their students.  The oldest and the most prestigious  British universities include Oxford University and Cambridge University.
Besides state schools there are private schools in Britain for children aged 11-18. Most of their pupils come from state primary schools on the basis of examinations. Some of  these private  secondary schools  also have  their own  primary  schools from  which  they  take the  best pupils. Public schools are private boarding schools which are peculiar to Britain.  They are for children aged 13-18 accepted on the basis of the entrance examinations and also from small private preparatory schools for children aged 7-13. Only 5% of all children attend public schools. There fees are very high. Most exclusive ones, with a long and distinguished tradition, are Eton, Harrow  and  Winchester Public Schools.
The academic year begins at British primary and secondary schools in September.  It is divided into three terms. Christmas and Easter make intervals between them. Children  have  a five-week  holiday  in  summer,  two  weeks  during  Christmas,  two  weeks  at  Easter.  There are two-week holidays in the middle of each term. Day schools work from Mondays to Fridays. Classes are held from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and the day is usually divided into periods of about 35 minutes.  The average number of pupils in a class is thirty.  Extra-curricular activities are very important. There are many different clubs and sport teams at schools which meet after lessons. Many schools have an orchestra that gives concerts or a dramatic group that stages play at Christmas.
THE OLDEST BRITISH UNIVERSITIES are Oxford and Cambridge, often called Oxbridge.  They date from the 12th & 13th centuries.

Useful vocabulary:

•  Types of schools – boarding school, day school, mixed school, nursery school, primary school, secondary school, technical school, comprehensive school, public school, private school, university, training school,
•  School system – compulsory, free of charge, to pay fees/tuition, state-run school, to attend the school, education, school  uniform  /jacket, blouse-shirt, skirt-trousers, scarf-tie/, the Parent-Teacher Association Meeting, school report, General  Certificate of Education, the National Curriculum, after school club
•  Exams – revise for an exam, revision, ‘A‘, ‘O‘, entrance exams, school-leaving exams, crib, to prompt, to maintain discipline, oral exam, written exam, to prepare for exams, to pass an exam, to fail an exam, marks/grades, to copy from the crib, cheat, to examine, to grade, to take an exam, to re-take an exam, examination results, cheat sheet, to cram for an exam /bifľovať sa na skúšku/
•  School buildings – playground, gym, sports facilities /a basketball court, a football pitch, a track, a swimming pool/, cloakroom /locker/, school canteen, small snack bar, the staff room, the administrative office, classroom, large assembly hall /auditorium/, notice board,

B.
Timetable – A school day is different at different types of schools. The average number of lessons at a secondary school is around thirty a week, primary schools have fewer lessons, while specialized schools often have more. Classes start at 8 am and usually finish at 1:25pm pr 2:20pm.  There are 4-7 classes in a row every day, but there also may be afternoon classes ending at about 4 o’clock.  A lesson usually lasts 45 minutes.
Subjects – Many subjects taught at primary and secondary school are the same. At secondary school they are just extended in their contents and more demanding for learners. Subjects are divided into obligatory and optional. The most common subjects taught at secondary schools are Slovak language, a foreign language /English, German, French/, math, PE, religion, biology, chemistry, physics, history, geography and others. There may also be some specialized subjects too, e.g. archaeology, art, business studies, dance, drama, economics, music, psychology, sociology, technology, conversation in English.
Most of these subjects are taught both at primary and secondary schools too. At secondary schools they are extended in their contents and more demanding for learners. As for special secondary schools, special subjects  are  introduced  here  as  obligatory  ones  /economics,  shorthand,  typing/ while  at  grammar schools,  these can  be taken  as optional  subjects. 
Breaks – Breaks between the lessons usually last from 5 to 20 minutes. The breaks after the 1st lesson and before the last lesson last for 5 minutes. The 20-minute break is usually in the middle of the school day, that means usually after the third lesson. Other breaks last 10 minutes. Every student spends the break differently. Some students repeat the subject matter for the next lesson; prepare the needed school supplies, others meet their friends. They can also chat with their classmates, write their homework, eat their elevenses, or go out into the school garden and relax.
School subjects and typical activities – There are various activities students can do during the lessons. They just depend on the kind of lesson. During the language lesson you can learn new vocabulary, do exercises, practice grammar, translate, read, listen, and write. 
literature /reading novels, poetry, plays, writing essays/, math /making calculations, using tables/, science /doing experiments/, geography  /using map/, history /learning dates, learning  about governments, wars, leaders/, art /painting, drawing/, music /playing musical instruments, singing songs, listening to songs/, sport /playing football, doing athletics/
•  Are you happy at this school or would you like to study elsewhere? Why? – I enjoy attending/coming to….school. My main reasons for this are…. I would prefer to study at /be a part of…/ another school. I feel this way because….
•  What is you favourite subject and what subject do you dislike? Do you think you will need all the information you are learning at this school? – I find........the hardest language and spend about........hour/s/ on it each evening/weekend/. Our ........teacher demands a lot from us/gives us much homework/.... so I spend approximately ......./hour/s/ on this subject each week. The easiest subject for me is .......because......  I only spend.....hour/s/ on it outside of school time.
•  Which subjects do you consider the most important? Are there any other subjects you would like to have at school? – The most important for me is/are .....because....., I think that language/science/business/.... are also important for one’s education. In addition to what I’m studying, I’d also like to have theatre/photography/religion... because....
•  Is there anything you’d like to change at your school? – If I were given the authority at our school, I’d like to change...... My reasons for suggesting this change/these changes are.... I would like to change things such as........, I feel good about our school because.......
Useful vocabulary:
•  People - class  teacher, headmaster,  deputy headmaster, caretaker, teaching staff, pupil, graduate
•  Characteristics of people – gifted students, to be responsible for, well-brought up, bright, clever, above average, to be poor at, to be good at, diligent /usilovný/, obstinate /tvrdohlavý/, disobedient, lazy, cheeky, nerd /otrasák/, goodie-goodie /bifľoš, vtierka/, lazy, undisciplined, disobedient, cheeky, talk back,
•  Other vocabulary – to cut lessons, to study with honours, to accept to school, entrance requirements, to broaden one’s knowledge, to bully, bullying, staff room, staff meeting, changing room, get detention /zostať poškole/, summon a parent to school /zavolať si rodiča do školy/, school report, to bully classmates,
•  Classroom – class register, three-part blackboard, sponge tray, blackboard sponge, chalks, wall map, projection screen, OHP, teacher’s desk, desks, chairs, whiteboard, textbooks
•  Learning strategies – thinking about the structure of words, writing, drawing a word, connecting pictures to words, self-testing, saying words aloud, guessing the meaning from the context

C.
Free time and hobbies - Young people spend most of their  time at school or studying for the following day, in their leisure time they like doing their hobbies like getting together with friends, listening to music, playing computer games and going to parties and discos.  Many young people also attend after-school lessons which are provided by the school. They can do some sports there, or attend various classes, such as drama, religion, or there are also language courses where they can improve their English knowledge and fluency.
Part-time jobs - Many young people are short of money and they have to look for a part-time job. They usually work after school or at weekends. Some teenagers also work during summer either in our country or they find the job abroad. Teenagers can work in the shops, as life-guards, they can sell ice-cream, as au-pairs.

D.
If you want to speak English better, you can travel abroad during summer, spend a year in a school in a foreign country, work as an au-pair during summer holidays, chat with an English friend per Internet, or you can attend language courses provided by various organizations.
 
E.
Teachers and students should accept each other. Teachers should be fair but strict, prepare students well for exams, listen to the pupil\'s ideas, be able to accept criticism, take an interest in the problems of the pupils, know the subject well, be prepared to admit that he/she doesn\'t know all the answers, stimulate pupils, have a sense of humour, be a model for pupils, praise a lot and keep discipline. On the other hand, students should accept the teacher, too. They shouldn’t talk in class, be cheeky, untidy, forget to do their homework, show no interest in the subject, show too much or too little knowledge, cheat, talk back, play truant, and arrive late for classes.

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