Health care

Cudzie jazyky » Angličtina

Autor: studak
Typ práce: Referát
Dátum: 06.02.2014
Jazyk: Angličtina
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Health care
 
1. INTRODUCTION
There are over five-and-a-half billion of us human beings alive today. We are unique combinations of colour, age, nationality, language, height, weight, beliefs, dreams and fears, but on the other hand we are exactly the same. Everyone in the world consist of a mind and a body.
 
Why have I chosen this theme? Because I am interested in health lifestyle. I exercise regularly, eat health foods,  don’t smoke and eat a lot of vitamins. I feel health and fit, I have a strong flexible body. And I think that people have to realize how necessary and important health care is.  It is important to know what should we do if we stay healthy and fit for long time.
 
2. HEALTH CARE
2.1 Medicine

Medicine is a word which relates to two concepts: a drug or mixture of drugs, or any science or practice concerned with sickness and health. A doctor is a person who has been trained in medical science. In Britain every person is registered with a local doctor, known as a general practitioner or GP. The patients´ names are on the GP´ s list, and they make appointments to see the doctor. A physician is a doctor specialising in areas of treatment other than surgery. If a patient needs to see a specialist, they first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient to see a specialist.
 
One of the primary roles of a doctor is to identify or recognize diseases. The methods are sometimes compared whit those of detectives in novels. It is a process of elimination from a group of suspects, starting with the idea that anyone could have any disease possible.
 
The first piece of evidence is the patient’s own statement of his troubles – the case history. There are written all patient’s illness and family history of illness. This all are very important clues. Physical examinations help record a medical history that indicates, which aspect of the examination needs more attention. An examination confirms or refutes suspicions by the history. Special examinations include chemical tests, microscopical study of blood cells or tissues and X-rays. In cases where people have been injured or somebody is unconscious, it is important to call an ambulance.
 
2.2 Healthy Food

In recent years, people in many countries have become more concerned about their health. They care very much about food they eat and are interested in the effect it has on their health. Many people have reduced the amount of salt, fat, and sugar they eat in order to lose weight, lower their cholesterol, and reduce their risk of getting heart disease.
Many people, especially women, go on diets regularly. They eat less than usual in order to become thinner. Some do this because they think they will look more attractive, others do it because of health problems. There are many health programmes and diet plans, for instance the Hollywood Diet, the Atkin´s Diet, the point- counting diet and the blood-group diet, which are advertised regularly in magazines and on TV. Every year new books are published about the latest diets. But do people know, what healthy food is? Can bad eating habits cause any disease?  Do the ways of eating influence our bodies, skin,…? What people know about genetically modified food?

So what should we eat if we want to stay healthy? The closer a food is to its natural state, the better it is for us. Fresh fruits and berries are great and will satisfy a craving for sweets. Whole vegetables have lots of vitamins and minerals, so we should eat more green, orange and yellow vegetables. We should steam them to retain the most nutritional value and be careful with sauces, they may be high in calories and fats that aren't good for you.

Any pasta or baked goods should be made from whole grains. Avoid sugary snacks and pastries as well. An apple is good for us, an apple pie really isn't.
We should shop for lean meats and don't forget the fish. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ocean fish are often deficient in our diets, so serve seafood two or three times per week. Baked fish and chicken are healthier than fried, and lean meats like bison or venison may be healthier than higher fat beef. Processed lunch meats, hot dogs, bacon, and sausages have a lot of saturated fat and nitrates in them you don't want in your body. If you love these meats, you can find healthier versions sold at health food stores. Remember to eat a variety of foods to get all of the vitamins and minerals you need to be healthy. Stick to water, milk and 100% fruit and vegetable juices as your main beverages and limit sugary soft drinks. If you get tired of plain water, add a slice of lemon or lime to add a touch of flavour. For kids, try some fruit juice jazzed up with carbonated water.
 
2.2.1 Unhealthy Foods
· Battered and deep fried foods
· Sugary sodas
· Processed lunch meats
· Greasy snack chips
· White bread and refined pasta
· Most canned spaghetti and ravioli
· Sugary breakfast cereals
· Frozen fried chicken, fish sticks and corn dogs
 
2.2.2 Healthy Foods
· Green and brightly colored vegetables
· Dark leafy greens and lettuce
· Fresh fruits and berries
· Lean turkey and chicken
· Nuts, dried fruits and healthy snacks
· Whole grain breads and pasta
· Healthy cooking oils like canola and olive oils
· Grass fed beef and bison
· Cold water oily ocean fish
· Low fat milk or soy beverages
· Nuts, seeds, and legumes
 
2.2.3 Healthy Foods for Snackers
If you are an emotional eater, keep the junk food like potato chips, tortilla chips, ice cream, and candy out of the house. Keep healthy snacks like fruits, crunchy vegetables with dips, or nuts handy. If you absolutely feel the need for a treat, then purchase a small piece of high quality chocolate or your favourite treat and enjoy it, just don't buy any to bring home.
The same tips are helpful for those who enjoy TV snacking at home. If you don't want to give up nibbling while watching your shows, keep low calorie foods close by, because it is very easy to eat too much when you are entranced by your favourite drama, football game or cooking show. Eat crisp raw vegetables with your dip instead of greasy chips.
 
2.2.4 Don't Skip Meals
If you skip breakfast, you may find that you lose energy by midmorning. Rather than skipping breakfast completely, split it in half. Eat a small breakfast early, such as an egg, small serving of oatmeal, or a slice of whole grain bread. Have a small snack on hand such as raisins and 10 or 12 almonds to eat at midmorning. This split breakfast is a much better solution than reaching for coffee and candy bars to perk yourself up.
 
2.2.5 Control Portion Size
Our stomachs really aren't that big. Without stretching, the stomach will hold about two cups of food, but because the stomach will stretch, it can hold considerably more food than we need at any given meal.
When you eat at home, serve your meals already dished up on individual plates rather than family style at the table. You will be less likely to reach for "seconds" that way. At restaurants, ask for "take home" containers and take half of your meal home to heat up tomorrow. Avoid buffets, unless you are very disciplined. It is way too tempting to load up three or four plates plus dessert.
 
2.2.6 Genetically Modified Food

Unfortunately, there is a lack of information about genetically modified food and its safety for humans and animals. The lack of data is due to a number of reasons, including:
· It´s more difficult to evaluate the safety of crop-derived foods in a general sense.
· Publications on genetically modified food toxicity are scarce.
· The legalized methods of testing vary across the world and those that are instituted are vague and imprecise.
Genetically modified foods have their integral genetic material modified to suit a certain purpose. Most experimentation is to make sure the crop can withstand weather, contamination and other exterior threats. These foods can also cause allergies. And the general level of toxicity found in people and animals after eating large amounts of genetically modified foods is sometimes high. Another factory to worry about when it comes to food consumption is pollution. All around us we are literally bathing in foreign and harmful chemicals. Our food is doing the same thing, but on a different level. Because of the contamination of our soil, the vegetables we plant in this contaminated soil sucks up heavy metals and other pollutants. So when we eat these vegetables we are also consuming these harmful chemicals. Did you know that if you consume an average apple, you will be eating over 30 pesticides, even after you wash it?

The quality of food has definitely gone down since the Second World War. For instance, the levels of vitamin C in today´s fruit bear no resemblance to the levels found in wartime fruit.   Pesticides in food have been linked to many diseases including cancer, obesity, Alzheimer´s disease and some birth defects.

2.3 Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle (regular exercise, plenty of rest, enough sleep, good eating habits, a lot of vitamins, no smoking or alcohol), prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers like infectious disease, heart attacks and brain damage. We need to go to the doctor for check-ups, get eye exams done, weigh ourselves regularly, and see the dentist once a year. Many people care about their health and never forget to clean their teeth, do breathing exercises, go for a run, take vitamin pills, have a massage, and have a sauna or a steam bath. Others need to learn that if they don’t take care of themselves now, they may not be around late.
 
You certainly have heard a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that mean? In general, a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. Sounds simple, doesn't it?
The trick to healthy living is making small changes...taking more steps, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water...these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.
 
2.3.1 Exercise
One of the biggest problems all over the world today is lack of activity. We know it's good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we're used to being sedentary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you'll be. Even moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference.
 
2.3.1.1 Simple Ways to Move Your Body
You can start the process of weight loss now by adding a little more activity to your life. If you're not ready for a structured program, start small. Every little bit counts and it all adds up to burning more calories.

- Turn off the TV. Once a week, turn off the TV and do something a little more physical with your family. Play games, take a walk...almost anything will be more active than sitting on the couch.
- Walk more. Look for small ways to walk more. When you get the mail, take a walk around the block, take the dog for an extra outing each day or walk on your treadmill for 5 minutes before getting ready for work.
- Do some chores. Shovelling snow, working in the garden, raking leaves, sweeping the floor...these kinds of activities may not be 'vigorous' exercise, but they can keep you moving while getting your house in order.
- Pace while you talk. When you're on the phone, pace around or even do some cleaning while gabbing. This is a great way to stay moving while doing something you enjoy.
- Be aware. Make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day. If you find that the bulk of your time is spent sitting, make another list of all the ways you could move more--getting up each hour to stretch or walk, walk the stairs at work, etc.

3. CONCLUSION

We should take care of our health because it´s the most important thing in our life , but we don´t realise it until we´re ill. We only start thinking about our health, when we get sick.
And fore conclusion, there is a dozen ways to live longer:
· Always look on the bright size. Optimists live on average 7 years longer than pessimists.
· Go Japanese. The longest living people in the world live on the Okinawa Islands of Japan.
· Eat more fruit and vegetables. Yes, this is old advice, but too many people still don´t follow it.
· Keep learning. Better educated people live longer.
· Stay close to family and friends. Close relationships and the good feelings that stem from them help to boost the immune function, protect against disease. In contrast, feeling socially isolated can be as dangerous for your health as high blood pressure, obesity, no exercise or heavy smoking.
· Don´t smoke.
· Laugh more. Remember how much you laughed when you were a kid? At the age of four we all laugh about 400 times a day. Most adults only manage perhaps 15 times.
· Eat less – another old idea which is no less true for having been around a long time.
· Get more exercise.
· Live in the country. Living a quiet and peaceful existence seems to add years to your life.
· Get spiritual. Having a belief in something- God, Allah, Jehovah, Buddha, Little Green Men from Mars, anything – helps people live longer.
· Drink a glass of wine a day, when you are old enough to drink. But only one glass! This can reduce your chances of heart disease by 32%.
A good health means a longer and a happier life. So, we must take care of our health.

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