Man and Society + slovná zásoba

Man and Society + slovná zásoba

Rules, values and ethics are the basis of every good society. It´s very important to keep these principles. They can help people to get on with another people. And it´s very important, because when people are on good terms with another people it´s better for society. We could prevent wars, conflicts and another nuisances.

We learn moral rules and principles all our life. Our parents raise us up, they teach us moral principles, values, they teach us what is polite and impolite, what should we do etc. At first they have to show us how to do it, because if they expect their children to take good manners seriously, they have to show the same manners to them.

They tell us, that we should greet older people, that man should greet woman, children should greet adults they know in a nice. They tell us, that we should greet loud, with clear voice, looking into the eyes. They prepare us for life. They give us the basis of morals and it´s good for us. Because when we are polite, we can have good relations with another poeple.

The study of morals is called ethics. It consists of moral rules and principles. It´s based on behaviour what is right and what is not. Ethics that are rules what humans should do, how they should be, what values they should prefer. Another study, which define the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession is etiquette. It consists of rules, for example the rules of greeting. Younger people should greet older, man greet woman etc. Rules of dining. For example the right placement of cutlery. There are different styles of dining world wide.

There are also some special rules for how to behave in certain places. For example women covering their heads or shoulders when entering a church, men taking off hats in a church etc.

There are lot of rules and principles, that can help people to get on with another people. I think that these rules are very important for lot of people, because they help us to be better personalities.

Questions

1. Compare your everyday manners with those when you have guests in your home.

I think that my everyday manners aren´t different. When we have guests I am polite like every day. My parents raised me up to be polite in every situation. I try to be polite to all people and I expect politeness from other people too.

2. Discuss the rules of politeness which you have been taught in your family.

I have been taught from my parents that I should greet people who I know in a nice. They have taught me how should I behave when other peole are present. How should I eat, they have taught me what is polite and what is impolite, they have taught me everything what I need for life.

3. What manners do you appreciate most in your family?

For me are all the moral rules important. I appreciate on people the politeness the most. I like people who are polite, who know, what they should do, who know how they should behave in every situation. It´s big advantage for them, because when they are polite, another people are polite to them too.

4. Discuss certain conventions (hairstyle, clothes in business, etc.) and give your opinion about them.

I agree with these conventions. It looks prettier when people who works in offices are trim (upravený). They have the same conditions, the same clothes and it looks more serious. It doesn´t look good when for example a bank employee wears short skirts and low neck. When she has long nails with expressive colours, it doesn´t look serious and it can dissuade (odradiť) the customers.

5. Rules from American culture. What is your opinion?

I think that these rules are applied world wide. Some of them: Wait your turn and do not interrupt other people when they are speaking. This rule is important, because it isn´t good when two or more people are speaking at the same time. Nobody can understand, because there are too many voices at once. Always greet someone when they came over to your house. I think that it´s a basic rule of politeness to greet people. Say „please“ and „thank you“ often. It´s impotant, because it shows respect and appreciation. Don´t stuff your mouth full of food, because it looks terrible. Always use a napkin to wape your mouth. I agree, it doesn´t look good when somebody has scraps of food on his mouth.

6. What manners would you like to teach your children.

I would like to teach my children all the rules of politeness, which are necessary. I want to have polite children, who will always know, how they should behave in every situation, because they will reperesent me. Children are pictures of their parents. (I am polite, because my parents are polite).

7. What do you think of how employees of Slovak banks dress? Why?

Their clothes are formal, because they represent the bank. They always have to look serious, because they are the picture of the bank. If the bank emloyees are serious, the bank looks serious too and it can influence the customers.

8. Talk to your partner about your family´s table manners. Highlight the ones you do not like.

We have normal table manners like other families have too. I think that I like all these manners. We are people, so we should be polite in every situation and by eating too.

Man and society

social security sociálna istota
benefits úžitok, prospech (dávky, podpora)
contributory benefits pomocné dávky (peňažné)
noncontributory benefits príjem zo všeobecného zdanenia
retirement pension dôchodok
maternity pay materský príspevok
maternity allowance materský príspevok
widow´s pension vdovský príspevok
sickness benefit nemocenská
invalidity pension invalidný dôchodok
child benefit príspevok na dieťa

unemployment benefit príspevok v nezamestnanosti
income support podpora príjmu
housing benefits nájomné
family credit rodinný úver
the retired penzista
the sick chorý
the disabled postihnutý
the unemployed nezamestnaný
widows vdovy
parents and people on very low income rodičia a ľudia s nízkym príjmom
society spoločnosť

traditional tradičný
modern moderný
developed/undeveloped vyvinutý
civilized civilizovaný
different groups in society odlišné skupiny v spoločnosti
community spoločenstvo, komunita
social class spoločenská trieda
the upper class vyššia trieda
the middle class stredná trieda
the working class pracujúca trieda
the poor chudobní

the rich bohatí
elite elita
rank spoločenské postavenie, hodnosť
position pozícia
status postavenie
equality/inequality rovnosť
civil rights občianske práva
integrate prijať, zlúčiť
justice spravodlivosť
legal/illegal legálny

lawful/unlawful právny
judicial system súdny systém
lawyer právnik
attorney splnomocnenec, právnik
barrister advokát
people´s judge sudca
appoint a judge vybrať sudcu
solicitor právny poradca
the prosecution žaloba, súdne stíhanie
the defence obrana
civil law občianske právo
sue žalovať
plaintiff žalobca
defendant obhajca

compound a quarrel by mutual agreement zamiešať sa do vzájomnej hádky
settle out of court opustiť súdnu sieň
criminal law trestné právo
criminal offence trestný čin
juvenile deliquency delikvencia mladistvých
theft krádež
steal kradnúť
robbery lúpež
burglery vlámanie
break into vlámanie

kill in self- defence zabiť v sebaobrane
murder vražda, vraždiť
make attempt on the life of pokus o vraždu
assassinate zavraždiť
revenge pomstiť
manslaughter zabitie, vražda
rape znásilnenie, únos
treason zrada
suicide samovražda

commit suicide spáchať samovraždu
abuse zneužitie
cheat podvod
forge falšovať
blackmail vydieračstvo
bribery/bribe úplatnosť/úplatok
hijack uniesť lietadlo
kidnap uniesť
pickpocket vreckový zlodej
shoplifting kradnúť v obchode

gangster/hooligan chuligán
investigation pátranie, vyšetrovanie
search for fingerprints hľadať odtlačky prstov
lie- detector detektor lži
trial pojednávanie, skúška
law- suit súdny spor
case prípad
give evidence podať svedectvo
eyewitness očitý svedok

testimony svedectvo
innocent nevinný
convict of murder usvedčiť z vraždy
pass a sentence on sb položiť niekomu otázku
fine pokuta
capital punishment finančný trest
death penalty trest smrti
ask for mercy prosiť o milosť
imprisonment uväznenie

release from prison prepustenie z väzenia
execute vykonať, uskutočniť
hang obesiť
electrocution poprava na elektrickom kresle
hangman kat
abolish the death penalty zrušiť trest smrti
pardon odpustenie

From book

acceptable prijateľný
assault prepadnutie, znásilnenie
choke zadusiť sa
count rátať
disgusting nechutný
edge okraj
fraud podvod
impose nariadiť

pick up after sb upratať po niekom
prong hrot vidličky
refrain from sth nevykonať niečo
scoop nabrať niečo
sloopy pooblievaný
stick to dodržiavať, plniť
tablecloth obrus
virtue cnosť

approval súhlas
cell phone mobil
chomp on sth hlasno jesť
dab poklepávať
display prejavovať sa
estabilishment vytvorenie

gross vypudiť
intermission prestávka
napkin servítka
precept životná zásada
reinforce upevniť, posilniť
reminder znamenie (aby si niekto spomenul)
slander urážka na cti
spotless bez škvŕn
stuff jedlo, pitie
temper nálada